Isanda kushicilelwa yi I-European Environment Agency incwadi enesihloko Amandla avuselelekayo eYurophu 2017. Ukukhula kwakamuva nemiphumela yokungqongqoza, lapho inqubekelaphambili enkulu izuzwe ku amandla avuselelekayo ngaphakathi kwe-European Union ngo-2014.
Ngokunjalo, lokhu kuhlaziywa bekufuna ukuphendula ukuthi ukwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo eYurophu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule kube nomthelela yini kwi ukuncipha kokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi eYurophu, ngaphezu kokuqhathanisa ukwakhiwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba.
Amazwe anamandla avuseleleka kakhulu eYurophu
Njengamanje, amandla avuselelekayo abe yi- Umlingisi oyinhloko ngaphakathi kwemakethe yamandla yaseYurophu. Ngo-2013, isabelo samandla avuselelekayo ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina kwamandla sisuke ku-15% saya ku-16% ngo-2014, futhi ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva ye-EUROSTAT, ngo-2015 ifinyelele ku-16,7%. La maphesenti ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe. Isibonelo, amazwe aseNordic afana neFinland noma iSweden azungeze ama-30%, kanti iLuxembourg noma iMalta icishe ibe yi-5%.
Amandla avuselelekayo akhula ngokushesha eYurophu
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Thermal
Indawo okuyiwa kuyo amandla avuselelekayo yi- ukusetshenziswa okushisayo. Ngo-2014, amandla avuselelekayo amele u-18% wawo wonke amandla okugcina okusetshenziswa ngalezi zinhloso. Yize kusukela ngo-2005 womabili ama-biogas kanye ne-geothermal heat pump ahlangabezane ne- ukukhula okubaluleke kakhulu. Yize i-biomass kusengamandla amakhulu avuselelekayo ngalo mqondo.
Kunamazwe lapho ukusetshenziswa okushisayo komthombo ovuselelekayo kumelwe ku-2014 ngaphezu kwe-50% yawo wonke ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwamandla avuselelekayo, amazwe afana neFinland, iFrance, iPoland, iSweden, njll.
Amandla omoya namandla we-photovoltaic
Ngokuqondene ne ugesi eyenziwe ngemithombo yemvelo, iyimakethe yesibili yamandla avuselelekayo. I- umoya emhlabeni njengasolwandle (olwandle), kanye ne-photovoltaic. Cishe u-28% wawo wonke ugesi osetshenzisiwe ngonyaka we-2014 kulo lonke elase-European Union unomsuka ovuselelekayo, futhi amazwe amane kuphela aseqenjini elinokusetshenziswa okungaphezulu kwesigamu sokusebenzisa kwawo ugesi emithonjeni evuselelekayo, phakathi kwayo okuyiSpain.
Ama-biofuels
Mayelana ne- umkhakha wezokuthutha, ngokuyisisekelo yi ama-biofuels, lawa amele cishe i-90% yesabelo esivuselelekayo emkhakheni. Noma, ngaso sonke isikhathi onaso ukutholakala kukagesi okwengeziwe ukusetshenziswa kokuhamba.
I-European Union ayidingi ukuphumula usuku lonke, kunoma iyiphi yale mikhakha emithathu eshiwo ngenhla, ukuze ikwazi ukuhambisana Izinhloso ezisungulwe yamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2020.
Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kuhlobene eduze nokunciphisa Ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini kanye ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kaphethiloli, ikakhulu amalahle negesi yemvelo, ngoba njengoyili isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokuthutha futhi ilapho ngqo lapho okuvuselelekayo kungabalulekanga kangako, yize lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuguquke eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Ukutshalwa kwemali kwamaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo
Ekugcineni khombisa ukuthi izimali okwenziwe kumaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo kuvumele amandla afakiwe ukuthi andiswe ngo-2 phakathi kuka-2005 no-2015.
Izifunda ezifana ne-Asia, i-Oceania, iBrazil, iChina ne-India kulapho lokhu kukhula kuye kwaziwa kakhulu khona. E-China, amandla afakiwe aphindwe kane esikhathini esishiwo ngenhla, ukuba ngumholi kumandla elanga we-photovoltaic namandla omoya.
Ngezansi singabona isibonelo sokutshalwa kwezimali esikhathini esizayo ezweni lethu
I-110 megawatt solar photovoltaic SuperPark eGuillena (Seville)
Ngokuya nge-BOE yango-Ephreli 17, i-Renovables de Sevilla SL inayo igunyaziwe amandla abo wezomthetho, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho ukwenza lo msebenzi. Imininingwane yemibhalo eshiwo ekhishwe yiRegulatory Supervision Chamber yeKhomishini Kazwelonke Yezimakethe Nezokuncintisana umbiko omuhle, ivunywe yiBhodi Yabaqondisi ngoFebhuwari 7, 2017.
Lokhu kufakwa ekugcineni kuzoba nakho I-110,4 MW, ngizo yakhiwe komasipala baseSalteras naseGuillena, esifundazweni saseSeville.
Ulayini wokukhishwa okuphezulu (ku-220 kV) une- umsuka wesitishi se-220/20 kV transformer sokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic, egudla umzila waso esiteshini esingama-220 kV Salteras, esiphethwe iRed Eléctrica de España, futhi izoba nobude obungeqile nje kwamakhilomitha ayishumi. IDirectorate General for Energy Policy and Mines isimemezeleyokusetshenziswa komphakathi"Lo mugqa.
Inkampani leyo kuzothuthuka Le phrojekthi yi-Ansasol yaseSpain, echaza kuwebhusayithi yayo (ansasol.de/zu) «Unenkontileka yenketho yokuqashisa esayiniwe enesikhathi seminyaka engama-31, iyanwebeka isikhathi seminyaka engu-12 ngaphezulu ».
Indawo ekhethiwe (i-Guillena) ine-irradiance evundlile yonyaka (0º) yamahora we-1.805 kilowatt ngemitha eyisikwele. I-Ansasol ilinganisela ukukhiqizwa kwamahora angu-177.000 megawatt ngonyaka, okulingana namahora angama-1.603 kilowatt nge-kilowatt peak ngayinye.