Amandla avuselelekayo athuthukiswa kakhulu nsuku zonke futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuyanda, ngakho-ke, ngokuba nobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu nobuchwepheshe, izindleko zabo zokukhiqiza ziyancipha. Ukwehla kwamanani wamandla elanga nokwenyuka kwawo ekusebenzeni kwamandla kuwenza akhule ngokuncintisana ezimakethe zamandla zomhlaba.
Kusukela ngo-2010, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya onshore zehle cishe ngama-25%. Izintengo zamandla elanga zenze kanjalo ngama-73%. Kuvuselelwa nini ukuncintisana ngokugcwele?
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko
Ngokuya ngohlaziyo olusha lwe i-International Energy Renewable Agency (IRENA), okuvuselelekayo kukhula ngesilinganiso esisheshayo futhi kuzokwazi ukuncintisana ngokugcwele ngo-2020.
Umbiko uveza ukwehla kwezindleko zamandla elanga we-photovoltaic, kuze kube manje amandla avuselelekayo anamandla kakhulu, ashibhile futhi ancintisanayo, azoncishiswa ngesigamu ngo-2020. Amaphrojekthi anamandla we-photovoltaic solar noma umoya wasogwini angaveza ugesi ngamasenti ama-3 nge-kWh ngayinye, lapho njengamanje bayikhiqiza ngo-6 no-10.
Imiphumela yakamuva endalini yamandla iphakamisa ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza ezivuselelekayo zizokwehla njengoba amanani entengo kaphethiloli eba kubiza kakhulu futhi ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo buqhubeka.
Umbiko uphinde uphawule ukuthi amandla omoya manje anenkontileka imvamisa amasenti ama-4 nge-kWh ngayinye. Lamandla akhiqizwa ngophethiloli akhula kakhulu kangangokuba intengo isivele iphakathi kuka-5 no-17 cents kWh ngayinye.
“Lokhu kusha okusha kukhombisa ushintsho olukhulu kumandla wamandla. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwezindleko kubo bonke ubuchwepheshe akukaze kwenzeke futhi kumelela izinga amandla avuselelekayo aguqula ngalo uhlelo lwamandla omhlaba. " U-Adnan Z. Amin, isikhulu esiphezulu se-IRENA.
Bika ngokuvuseleleka
Yethulwe ngosuku lokuqala lomhlangano we-VIII IRENA Assembly e-Abu Dhabi, e-United Arab Emirates, umbiko 'Izindleko zokuvuselela ugesi ngo-2017' uveza ukuthi kunenqwaba yemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, njengamandla we-geothermal, i-bioenergy noma amandla kagesi kagesi ancintisane ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule ngokumelene nezindleko zokukhiqiza ugesi kusuka kumandla okubasa.
Hhayi amandla elanga noma omoya kuphela ayimithombo emikhulu evuselelekayo. Yimithombo yamandla esetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba kukhona umoya nelanga cishe kuzo zonke izindawo (uma kungezona zonke) zeplanethi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amazwe anamaphuzu lapho umsebenzi we-geothermal mkhulu khona, kukhiqizwa kakhulu i-biomass noma kunezingqalasizinda ezinjengezinqolobane zokuxhuma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
Ngalokhu kuthuthuka kwamanani entengo evuselelekayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2019 kube namaphrojekthi angcono anikwe amandla amapaki omoya nawolanga futhi azokhiqiza amandla ngamasenti amathathu kuphela nge-kWh ngayinye. Lokhu kubiza okungaphansi kwenani lamafutha ezimbiwa phansi.
Izindleko zokuvuselelwa kabusha zehla kakhulu uma kubhekwe intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efinyelelwe, izinqubo zokutholwa nokuzibophezela kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile, ukusebenza kwezilingo ezakha izinqubo eziphakathi nezikhulu ezikwazi ukuncintisana emakethe yomhlaba, njll.
Isinqumo sokukhetha amandla avuselelekayo ukuhlangabezana nokufunwa kwamandla kagesi asiseyona nje indaba yokwehlisa ukungcola, ukuhlonipha imvelo noma ukulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kunalokho, kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile uma kukhulunywa ngezomnotho.
“Ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele bayalibona leli khono futhi bathuthelana ngamandla bebhekisa ezinhlelweni zomnotho ezinekhabhoni ephansi esekelwa yizinhlelo zamandla ezisebenza kabusha. Silindele ukuthi lolu shintsho luzothuthuka ngokwengeziwe, luxhase ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, ukukhula komnotho, impilo ethuthukisiwe, ukuqina kwesizwe kanye nokunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele ngonyaka wezi-2018 nangale kwawo. ” Umqondisi we-IRENA usho ngokusobala.
Nsuku zonke izinto ezivuselelekayo ziya ngokuya zanda ezimakethe futhi maduzane kuzoba yimithombo yamandla esemqoka emhlabeni.