Ezweni esiphila kulo namuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuyadingeka kakhulu, ngakho-ke singathembela emithonjeni yamandla ehlukene. Kodwa-ke, abantu bakhulisa kakhulu izinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa ezingasetshenziswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yolwazi olungeluhle lwamathuba angcono kakhulu okukhiqiza ezinye izinhlobo zamandla nokuntuleka kokutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Sikhuluma ngamandla avuselelekayo. Enye yazo yi- amandla ashukumisayo olwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezimpawu nokubaluleka kwamandla ashukumisayo olwandle.
Umbono wamandla
Uwoyela njengamanje ungumthombo oyinhloko wamandla futhi singawusebenzisa ukwenza uphethiloli nezinhlanganisela zibe lusizo empilweni yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, inenkani enkulu: kuyinsiza engavuseleleki. Kutholakala kuzidalwa ezindala kakhulu eziphilayo, lapho izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane zaziphila eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule noma ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunakwa kakhulu ososayensi abaziwayo, onjiniyela nezinkampani.
Amandla avuselelekayo amandla atholakala ezinsizakalweni ezingasetshenziswa kalula futhi ezingapheli ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zezinsizakusebenza emhlabeni ezingakhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokungcolisa udoti noma izindleko eziphezulu.
Inketho ethokozisayo ngamandla olwandle, angatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba kwamagagasi ukukhiqiza ugesi ngendlela ephephile nevuselelekayo. Njenganoma imuphi omunye amandla, kudinga uhlobo oluthile lobuchwepheshe kanye nenye yezindlela zokuyithola.
Amandla wamanzi olwandle
Ngokungazisebenzisi izakhi zezinsalela noma ukukhiqiza amagesi afaka isandla kumphumela wokushisa, kubhekwa njengomthombo wamandla ohlanzekile nophinda uvuseleleke. Izinzuzo zayo zifaka phakathi ukunikezela okulindelekile nokuphephile kanye namandla angaguquki kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, kepha kuphela kumjikelezo wamaza namagagasi.
Ukufakwa kwalolu hlobo lwamandla kwenziwa ngaphakathi imifula ejulile, imilomo, imifula kanye nolwandle kusetshenziswa imisinga yolwandle. Abahlanganyeli balo mphumela yilanga, inyanga nomhlaba. Inyanga ibaluleke kakhulu kulesi senzo ngoba iyona edonsa ukuheha. Inyanga nomhlaba kunamandla aheha izinto zibhekise kubo: lo mandla adonsela phansi abangela inyanga nomhlaba ukuthi zihehe futhi zizihlanganise.
Njengoba isisindo sisondela, amandla amakhulu adonsela phansi, ukudonsa kwenyanga maqondana nomhlaba kunamandla endaweni eseduze kakhulu kunasendaweni ekude kakhulu. Ukudonsa okungalingani kwenyanga emhlabeni kuyimbangela yamagagasi olwandle. Njengoba umhlaba uqinile, ukuheha kwenyanga kunethonya elikhulu emanzini kunamazwekazi, ngakho-ke amanzi azoshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kuye ngokusondela kwenyanga.
Kunezindlela ezi-3 zokukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle. Sizochaza ezimbili zokuqala ezingenhla bese sigxila kwesinye sazo ngokujula.
Amandla ashukumisayo olwandle
Lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zokukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle:
- Umkhiqizi wamanje wamanzi: Ama-generator wamanzi asetshenziswayo asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic wamanzi agelezayo ukushayela ama-turbine, afana nomoya (umoya ogelezayo) osetshenziswa ngama-wind turbines. Uma iqhathaniswa namadamu anamanzi, le ndlela ayibizi kakhulu futhi inomthelela omncane emvelweni, yingakho iya ngokuya ithandwa.
- Idamu lamanzi: Amadamu wamanzi asebenzisa amandla akhona akhona ngomehluko wokuphakama (noma ukulahleka kwekhanda) phakathi kwegagasi eliphakeme nogagasi oluphansi. Idamu empeleni liyidamu elingaphesheya komfula, okuthintwe izindleko eziphakeme zengqalasizinda yomphakathi, ukushoda kwezindawo ezitholakalayo emhlabeni wonke, nezinkinga zemvelo.
Futhi manje sizochaza ukuthi yini uhlobo lwesizukulwane ngamandla ashukumisayo olwandle. It is theoretical generation technology esebenzisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamandla ka-kinetic namandla angaba khona kumagagasi olwandle. Kuphakanyiswa ukwakha amadamu amade kakhulu (isibonelo, amakhilomitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 ubude) ukusuka ogwini kuya olwandle noma olwandle, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa indawo. Idamu lethula umehluko wamanzi olwandle, obangela ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lamanzi (okungenani amamitha ama-2-3) emifuleni engajulile lapho amagagasi ehamba khona ngokufana nogu, njengaleyo etholakala e-United Kingdom, China naseNingizimu Korea. Amandla edamu ngalinye aphakathi kuka-6 no-17 GW.
Izinzuzo nobubi bamandla ashukumisayo olwandle
Ubuhle balo mandla ukuthi ayikho into eluhlaza engadliwa nhlobo, njengoba igagasi lingenamkhawulo futhi lingapheli kubantu. Lokhu kwenza amandla olwandle amandla womnotho angapheli futhi avuseleleke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayakhiqizi imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali noma enobuthi, futhi ukuqedwa kwayo akudingi umzamo owengeziwe, njenge-plutonium enemisebe ekhiqizwa amandla enuzi noma igesi yokushisa ekhishwa ngokushisa ama-hydrocarbon asendulo.
Okubi kakhulu kuleli fomu lamandla ukusebenza kahle. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle inganika amandla amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwemali okukhulu kunakho umthelela omubi kakhulu kubuso bendawo nakwezemvelo ngoba imvelo yasolwandle kufanele ingenele ngqo. Lokhu kwenza ubudlelwano phakathi kwezindleko zesitshalo esikhiqizayo, ukulimala kwemvelo nenani lamandla atholakalayo kungabi nenzuzo enkulu.
Amandla wamanzi asetshenziswa njengomthombo kagesi emadolobheni amancane noma ezikhungweni zezimboni. Logesi ungasetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ukushisa noma ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kumele futhi ngikhumbule ukuthi hhayi kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni amagagasi anamandla afanayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namandla ashukumisayo olwandle kanye nezici zawo.