Amandla elanga angelinye lamandla avuselelekayo afunwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Nokho, isenenkinga efanayo nawo wonke amandla avuselelekayo: ukugcinwa kwayo. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma nge- amabhethri elanga e-lithium ukuze ukwazi ukugcina amandla akhiqizwa kumaphaneli e-photovoltaic. Lawa mabhethri anezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana namabhethri elanga e-lithium, ukuthi asebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zawo.
Ayini amabhethri elanga e-lithium
Amaseli elanga ayizici ezivumela ukugcinwa kwamandla kagesi akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ama-solar panel. Lolu hlobo lwe amabhethri e-photovoltaic azisebenzisela wona ahloselwe ukusebenzisa amandla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic kungasebenzi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhethri okufakwa kwe-solar, ngayinye enezici ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqonda ubukhulu, umthamo namandla adingekayo ukuze ukufakwa kwephaneli yelanga kusebenze kahle futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele amandla. Nokho, ngalezi ungalayisha iphampu ye-hydraulic yemoto noma yendlu yakho.
Izinhlobo zamabhethri asetshenziswa amandla elanga
- Ama-Monocell: Zilungele ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic encane ehlukanisiwe ngaphandle kwama-motors. Amabhethri e-lead acid ashibhile futhi alula.
- Amabhethri Omjikelezo Ojulile: Ezinkulu futhi ezinzima, ezinomjikelezo ofanayo neseli elilodwa, zilungele ukusetshenziswa okuphakathi kanye namayunithi empilo ende.
- Amaseli e-AGM: banokuthile kokulungisa i-valve yokulawula i-electrolyte negesi, bangamaseli avaliwe nge-hermetically futhi awadingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokugcinwa, amelana kakhulu nokudlidliza futhi aklanyelwe ukufakwa okuncane kwe-photovoltaic.
- Amabhethri Alungisiwe: Zinempilo ende yesevisi futhi zenzelwe ukushayela impilo ende.
- amabhethri e-lithium: azikhiphi igesi, zilula kakhulu, azithinteki lapho zikhishwa ngokuphelele futhi zithatha indawo encane kakhulu.
I-Lithium iyinsimbi ene-alkaline, evuthayo, ethambile, ethambile, esiliva nelula, futhi ibonakala ngokugqwala okusheshayo lapho ithintana nomoya. I-lithium ikhona oqweqweni lomhlaba ezingxenyeni ezingama-65 esigidini ngasinye futhi ayikwazi ukucwiliswa emanzini. Lawa mabhethri elanga e-lithium yilawo ashesha ukushaja, impilo ende kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion noma "i-lithium-ion", basebenzisa usawoti we-lithium njenge-electrolyte, ekwazi ukukhulula ama-electron futhi, ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali, Bayakwazi ukugcina nokukhulula amandla kagesi. Amabhethri e-lithium ayindlela enhle kakhulu yokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic enezidingo zamandla aphezulu ezidinga ukuzimela okuningi usuku lonke kanye nemisebe yelanga encane. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri yephaneli yelanga ingaba yi-modular futhi ingaxhunywa ngokuya ngezidingo kanye nezinguquko emikhubeni yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.
Izinhlobo zamabhethri elanga e-lithium
Amabhethri e-lithium angama-accumulators ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, anezinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha, ukujula okuhle kokukhipha futhi akukho mphumela wenkumbulo, ngoba angakwazi ukugcina ingxenye yeshaji ngaphandle kokulimaza ibhethri ye-lithium. Zinomthamo wamandla ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-3 wamabhethri avamile futhi zisekela amanani amanje aphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisezingeni elingavamile kuma-voltage aphezulu, kusukela amanye amamodeli asebenza ebangeni eliguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-300 V kuye ku-450 V, ukuphatha ukunciphisa imisinga ejikelezayo ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukulahlekelwa kwezintambo, phakathi kokunye ukungalungi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-BMS (Battery Management Systems) yizici zokuphepha okufanele amabhethri e-lithium abe nazo ukuze agweme izingozi ngesikhathi esetshenziswa, ngakho anconywa kakhulu kumasistimu elanga.Kubalulekile ukugqamisa izingxenye ezi-3 ezibalulekile ekufakweni kwebhethri ye-lithium.
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamabhethri:
- Amabhethri e-Lithium/Cobalt oxide: Enye yezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu.
- Ibhethri ye-lithium/magnesium oxide: Inezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha, kodwa akukhuthazwa ngokuqinile ukuthi isetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
- Ibhethri ye-iron/lithium phosphate: Ngaphezu kwemijikelezo ye-2000, inokusebenza kokuphepha okungcono kakhulu futhi iyibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate enempilo ende yesevisi.
- Amabhethri e-Cylindrical/Tubular Lithium: Ziyi-Lithium Ion futhi zaziwa ngokuthi amabhethri e-Lithium Polymer.
- Amabhethri e-Flat Lithium Polymer Lithium: Futhi zingamabhethri e-Lithium Polymer.
- Amabhethri e-Lithium ane-Inverter: Ziyintuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, zingamabhethri e-lithium ane-inverter yangaphakathi engasebenza ngokuhambisana nebhethri, ebavumela ukuthi basebenze njengebhethri kanye ne-inverter yamandla ezindaweni ezincane.
Izinzuzo
Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu: igcina amandla amaningi ngesisindo esincane. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angonga isikhala esingafika ku-70% kanye nesisindo esingu-70% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-asidi yomthofu. Zonke lezi ziwusizo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukugcinwa kwebhethri nokuhamba.
- Amabhethri e-lithium-ion adinga ukulungiswa okuncane (ngokulambisa) futhi amelana kakhulu nokukhishwa okungajwayelekile.
- Awakhiphi amagesi anobuthi futhi angcolisayo.
- Ukushaja okuphezulu kwamanje.
- Zithatha isikhathi esincane ukulayisha
- Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwamanje. Angathululwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphila.
- Isikhathi eside ibhethri. Iphakeme ngokuphindwe kasithupha kunendabuko.
- ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-15.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu phakathi kokulayisha nokukhipha. Ukulahlekelwa amandla okuncane kakhulu ngenxa yokukhiqiza ukushisa.
- Amandla aqhubekayo aphezulu atholakalayo.
- Cishe abanakho ukuzikhulula.
- Ibhethri le-lead-acid akumele linwetshwe ngemva kokuqala kokufakwa, njengoba impilo yebhethri entsha izofushaniswa ibe sezingeni elifanayo nempilo yebhethri elidala.
- Amabhethri e-lithium anganwetshwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, namabhethri amasha amade awayona inkinga.
- Amabhethri e-lithium angaxhunywa ngokuhambisana ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanye amabhethri akufanele axhunywe ngokuhambisana njengoba lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu ubude bawo bokuphila.
- Ibhethri le-lead-acid lilahlekelwa impilo yalo yomjikelezo (ubude besikhathi) uma ikhipha ngaphansi kwe-50% yesimo sayo sokushaja (ukujula kokukhishwa = i-DOD) noma ikhipha ngokushesha kakhulu.
- amabhethri e-lithium ion, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingalahlwa phansi ifike cishe ku-80% DOD futhi isheshe kunamabhethri e-lead-acid ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphila kwawo. Ezintsha zingase zibe ne-DOD engu-100%.
Ukungalungi kwamabhethri e-lithium
- inani layo eliphakeme kakhulu
- Badinga isilawuli noma umphathi ukuze alawule ukulayisha nokuthulula. Lesi silawuli ngokuvamile sihlanganisa i-inverter kanye nomlawuli.
- Bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "abatshalizimali abahlanganisiwe".
- izinkinga zokugaywa kabusha.
- Ukuncika kwe-lithium kwamanye amazwe.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namabhethri elanga e-lithium nezici zawo.