I-Los abaqoqi belanga Abaqoqi be-thermal, abaziwa nangokuthi abaqoqi be-solar thermal, bayingxenye ebalulekile yokufakwa kokushisa kwelanga. Umqoqi welanga wuhlobo lwephaneli yelanga enesibopho sokuthwebula imisebe yelanga futhi iyiguqule ibe amandla ashisayo. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lubizwa ngokuthi amandla ashisayo elanga.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nabaqoqi belanga, izici zabo kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Yini abaqoqi belanga
Inhloso yalolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga ukuguqula amandla: imisebe yelanga etholwa yi-solar module iguqulwa ibe ukushisa. Kwezinye izinhlobo zokufakwa kwe-solar ezishisayo, lokhu kushisa isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umusi kanye nokuthola ugesi, kodwa lokhu akuwona umsebenzi womqoqi welanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphaneli e-photovoltaic anekhono lokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuqondile ngendlela yamanje eqondile. Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic ayisici esibalulekile ekufakweni kwelanga le-photovoltaic.
Ngokombono wenyama, abaqoqi belanga basebenzisa i-thermodynamics ukuze baguqule amandla. Ngokuphambene, amaphaneli e-photovoltaic awasebenzisi imithetho ye-thermodynamics ukuguqula amandla elanga, kodwa kunalokho inqubo kagesi.
Izinhlobo zabaqoqi belanga
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zabaqoqi belanga. Umqoqi welanga osetshenzisiwe uzoncika enhlosweni yawo. Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukushisa i-swimming pool ekushiseni kwama-25-28 degrees Celsius entwasahlobo, sidinga umqoqi welanga elilula, ngoba izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingafinyelela kalula lo myalelo wobukhulu noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sifuna ukushisa uketshezi ezingeni lokushisa elingu-200ºC, sizodinga umqoqi welanga ogxilile ukuze siqoqe imisebe yelanga bese siyidlulisela enanini elincane loketshezi.
Njengamanje, emakethe yelanga, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zabaqoqi belanga:
- Iziqoqi zelanga eziyisicaba noma eziyisicaba. Lolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lubamba imisebe yelanga etholwa phezulu ukuze kushise uketshezi. I-greenhouse effect ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubamba ukushisa.
- Abaqoqi belanga ukuze babambe imisebe yelanga. Lolu hlobo lomqoqi luthwebula imisebe etholwe endaweni enkulu ngokuqhathaniswa futhi luyigxilise endaweni encane ngesibuko.
- Umqoqi welanga oneshubhu yevacuum. Lo mqoqi welanga uqukethe isethi yamashubhu angama-cylindrical, akhiwe ngama-absorber akhethiwe, atholakala esihlalweni sokukhanyisa futhi ezungezwe isilinda seglasi esobala.
Ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa kwelanga izicelo, ikakhulukazi flat plate abaqoqi belanga asetshenziswa. Lapho izinga lokushisa loketshezi olusebenzayo lingaphansi kuka-80ºC, kubhekwa ukuthi izicelo zamandla elanga zenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, njengokushisa kwamachibi okubhukuda, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi ashisayo asekhaya ngisho nokufudumeza. Lawa mapuleti angasetshenziswa ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kwesembozo sengilazi, kuye ngokuthi isicelo.
Izingxenye zabaqoqi belanga
Umqoqi welanga ojwayelekile wenziwa yizinto ezilandelayo:
- Phezulu: Isembozo somqoqi welanga sisobala, kungenzeka noma kungabi. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngengilazi, nakuba ipulasitiki ibuye isetshenziswe ngoba ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyiphatha, kodwa kufanele kube ipulasitiki ekhethekile. Umsebenzi wayo ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngenxa ye-convection kanye nemisebe, ngakho-ke kufanele ibe nokudluliswa kwelanga okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwekhava kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-thermodynamic yephaneli yelanga.
- Isiteshi somoya: Kuyisikhala (esingenalutho noma esingenalutho) esihlukanisa ulwelwesi ebhodini lokumunca. Izocatshangelwa lapho kubalwa ukushuba kwayo ukulinganisa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa i-convection kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu elingenzeka uma lincane kakhulu.
- Ipuleti le-Absorbent: Ipuleti elimuncayo liyingxenye emunca amandla elanga bese liwadlulisela oketshezini olujikelezayo epayipini. Isici esiyinhloko sebhodi ukuthi kufanele ibe nokumuncwa okuphezulu kwamandla elanga kanye nemisebe yokushisa ephansi. Njengoba izinto ezijwayelekile zingahlangabezani nale mfuneko, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zisetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokumuncwa / sokuphuma.
- Amapayipi noma amapayipi: Amapayipi axhumene namapuleti okumuncwa (ngezinye izikhathi ashiselwe) ukuze ashintshisane amandla abe phezulu. Endabeni yamapayipi, uketshezi luzoshisa futhi lufake ithangi lokuqoqa.
- Isendlalelo se-insulation: Inhloso ye-insulation layer ukumboza uhlelo ukugwema nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukufakwa kwe-insulation kuhamba phambili, okokusebenza kwe-insulation kumele kube ne-thermal conductivity ephansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwe-thermodynamic kokushisa ngaphandle.
- I-Accumulator: I-accumulator iyingxenye yokuzikhethela, ngezinye izikhathi iyingxenye ebalulekile yephaneli yelanga, kulezi zimo ngokuvamile itholakala ngokuqondile ngenhla noma endaweni ebonakalayo eseduze. Ezimweni eziningi, ibhethri ayiyona ingxenye yephaneli yelanga, kodwa yesistimu yokushisa.
Sebenzisa
Ama-solar asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo asekhaya kanye nokufudumeza noma ukuphehla ugesi.
Kumanzi ashisayo asekhaya kanye neziqoqi zokushisisa, ithange lamanzi ligcina amanzi asekhaya exhumene noketshezi ngekhoyili. Ikhoyili ivumela uketshezi ukuthi ludlulisele amandla ashisayo agciniwe emanzini ngaphandle kokungcolisa amanzi. La manzi angasetshenziswa njengamanzi ashisayo asekhaya (ukuhlanganiswa kuka-80%), futhi angasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukushisa okungaphansi kwekamelo (ukuhlanganiswa kwe-10%). Amaphaneli elanga ashisayo anganikeza inani elikhulu lamanzi ashisayo, Kodwa ngenxa yokungaqini kwamandla elanga, azikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele izindlela zokushisa ezivamile.
Abaqoqi belanga abasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi badinga ukushisa isishintshi sokushisa sibe ngamathumba. Uma uketshezi seluqedele ukuguqulwa kwesigaba se-thermodynamic futhi lungena esigabeni segesi, luthunyelwa ku-thermoelectric turbine., okuguqula ukuhamba komhwamuko ube ugesi. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lubizwa ngokuthi i-solar thermodynamics futhi ludinga isikhala esiningi sokufaka ama-solar panel kanye nelanga eliqhubekayo. Izibonelo zalezi zitshalo zifakwe ogwadule.
Lapho uchaza futhi ufaka ukufakwa kwe-solar thermal, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi abaqoqi belanga kufanele basakazwe ngamaqembu. Lawa maqembu abaqoqi belanga kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi zenziwe ngamayunithi emodeli efanayo futhi asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kunezinketho ezimbili eziyisisekelo noma izinhlobo zokuqoqa abaqoqi ababili noma ngaphezulu: uchungechunge noma ukuhambisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokuqoqa amanzi ingalungiswa ngokuhlanganisa amaqembu amabili, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-grouped or hybrid circuits.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nabaqoqi belanga nezici zabo.