Emvelweni nasezinhlakeni zemvelo kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo nokuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lokudla. Enye yazo yizinto eziphilayo ama-heterotrophs. Ziyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kubhalansi yemvelo nasochungechungeni lokudla. Yilezo ezingakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukudla kwazo futhi kufanele zondle ngezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic, izici zazo nokubaluleka kwazo emvelweni.
Izinto eziphilayo ze-Heterotrophic
Emkhakheni we-biology, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izidalwa ezahlukahlukene zizondla kanjani. Nakhu ukutadisha umzimba, yiziphi izinqubo kanye nokusabela okuveza ukuguqulwa kwezinto emzimbeni. Emkhakheni we-metabolism, lapho sibhekisa endleleni yokuthola izakhamzimba, singahlukanisa izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko nezindlela zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo; izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic ne-autotrophic. Ngokubambisana bakha noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala kanye nemvelo emhlabeni lapho kuhlala khona bonke abakhona.
Khumbula ukuthi sifunda izinqubo ze-metabolic nemisebenzi ebalulekile yokudla okunempilo kwamafomu wokuphila. Singazithola lezi zinhlobo zokuphila ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, ezidinga amandla nekhabhoni elungisiwe ukuhlanganisa nokwakha amaseli awo. Izinto eziphilayo zeHeterotrophic yilezo ezingakwazi ukuzenzela ukudla kwazo ngokulungiswa kwekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwabo kutholakala ekutholeni izakhamzimba kusuka kweminye imithombo yekhabhoni ephilayo njengezinto zokutshala kanye nesilwane.
Inqubo yokudla okunempilo kwalezi zinto ifaka phakathi futhi imele zonke lezo zidalwa eziphilayo ezifaka izinto eziphilayo esezivele zichaziwe ngezinye izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kubenza bangakwazi ukwakha okwabo ngezinto ezilula ezingaphili. Eqinisweni, singafaka cishe zonke izilwane ezivela ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi nezinyoni, yize isikhunta, i-protozoa kanye nama-bacteria amaningi nawo efakiwe kuleli qembu. Kufanele uhlaziye uchungechunge lokudla ukuze ubone ukuthi zikuphi.
Bangabathengi bamabanga aphansi, abasesekondari nabaphezulu. Ngokudla amakhemikhali ekhabhoni ancishisiwe, lezi zinto eziphilayo bayakwazi ukusebenzisa wonke amandla abawasebenzisayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwabo. Bayisebenzisela neminye imisebenzi yemvelo nokwenza kabusha.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic
Ake sibone ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zinto eziphilayo:
- Izinto eziphilayo zeSaprobian: Yizona zinto eziyinhloko zokubola nokubuyiswa kabusha kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezikhona emhlabathini. Banesibopho sokumunca izakhamzimba zalezo zidalwa ezifile kungaba ngendle noma nganoma yiziphi izingxenye zayo. Amagciwane amaningi, isikhunta, izinambuzane, izibungu, njll. Bangabakuleli qembu.
- Izinto eziphilayo: yilawo amunca izakhamzimba ezintweni ezifile, kungaba ngendle noma enye yezitho zayo. Umehluko wama-saprobes ungenxa yokuthi ukufakwa kwezakhi kwenziwa ngokuncela, badinga ukuququda noma ukusika okokudla okunomsoco. Lapha sithola amabhungane, izibungu, izibungu ezindizayo, ukhukhamba wasolwandle, njll.
- Izinto ezidliwayo: Yilezo ezondla ngezingxenye zonke zomzimba we. Lapha sithola amabhubesi, oshaka, izinkozi, njll. Zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: abazingeli: yilabo ababulala futhi babambe inyamazane yabo. Ama-Scavengers: banesibopho sokudla izidalwa eziphilayo ezife ngokwemvelo noma ezimakwe abanye. Ama-parasites: yilawo amunca izakhamzimba kusuka kubasingathi abaphilayo.
Izinto eziphilayo ze-Heterotrophic nazo zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngohlobo lokudla abanakho:
- Ama-Omnivores: kungabathengi abondla kokubili izinto zezitshalo nezilwane. Ama-omnivores angadla cishe noma yini, ngakho-ke banenkinga encane yokuthola izakhamzimba.
- Izidliwayo: badla inyama kuphela. Amandla atholakala ngezinye izinto eziphilayo futhi asebenzise ama-lipids agcinwe emzimbeni wakho.
- Izidliwayo: udle izitshalo nohlaza kuphela. Bangabathengi abakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla.
Ukudla chain
Sike sakhuluma ngochungechunge lokudla phambilini futhi lubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlukaniswa izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic. Amazinga we-trophic asuselwa ekuhlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuya ngemvelaphi yento ezondla kuyo. Babuye bathembele endaweni abahlala kuyo. Ukusatshalaliswa okuyinhloko kuncike emazingeni asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi kucabangela abathengi. Ake sibone ukuthi zitholakala kuphi izilwane ze-heterotrophic kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwazo:
- Abasebenzisi bokuqala: yizilwane ezidla imbuya ngothi ezondla nge-autotrophic organism.
- Abasebenzisi besibili: Yilezo zilwane ezidla kakhulu ezondliwa ngumthengi oyinhloko.
- Ama-degrader: Baziwa futhi ngamagama okubola futhi banesibopho sokondla ngezinto ezifile. Kubandakanya i-saprophagi ne-saprophytes.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwendatshana, izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic zibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zemvelo. Yikho okwenza iplanethi yehluke ngokweqile nokuthi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile zingaba khona ezindaweni ezahlukene nasezindaweni zemvelo. Bayingxenye yochungechunge lokudla futhi benza ngokushintshana ngezinto eziphilayo namandla.
Ukondliwa kwayo kwenzeka lapho iseli lidla izinto eziphilayo esezakhiwe. Kodwa-ke, kuvumela ukuguqulwa kokudla kube yinto yayo yeselula. Ziyizinto eziphilayo ezithola ukudla kuzo ukufakwa kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, izingxenye zazo ezifile noma indle yazo. Lokhu konke kuya ngesigaba sangaphambilini esisibonile.
Ukusuka lapho singahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomsoco:
- Ukudla okunomsoco: Yileyo enakekelwa ngokubamba ukuphathwa kwami okuqondile kwezinye izinhlobo zempilo. Isibonelo, abantu, amahlosi, izinkozi, namabhubesi banokudla okunomsoco we-holozoic.
- Ukudla okunomsoco: yilezo zinto eziphilayo ezibhekele ukondla ezintweni eziphilayo ezibolayo. Lapha sithola iqembu lamakhowe, amabhaktheriya, izibungu, njll.
- Ukudla okuyisidlakudla: Kuyaziwa ngegama le-parasitism futhi yilabo abathola ukudla kwabo ngezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic zinendima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngama-heterotrophs nezici zawo.