Amanzi ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni. Yize kukhona amaminerali anenani eliphezulu kwezomnotho, amanzi ayadingeka empilweni nasentuthukweni yawo. Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) ichaza amanzi angcolile njengokuthi "ukwakheka kwawo kuguquliwe ukuze kungahlangabezani nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwawo esimweni sayo semvelo." I- Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi Ngenye yezinkinga ezinkulu abantu ababhekana nazo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukungcola kwamanzi, ukuthi yiziphi izici zayo nokuthi singakugwema kanjani.
Kuyini ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Ubukhona bamakhemikhali noma ezinye izinto ezinkulu kunalezo zezimo zemvelo. Okungukuthi, ubukhona bezinto ezifana nama-microorganisms, izinsimbi ezisindayo noma izinsalela. Lezi zingcolisi zinciphisa ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanzi nokuvikela impilo, i-World Health Organisation yenze izincomo eziqondisweni zayo zekhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza:
- Ikhwalithi ye-Microbiological. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-microbiological (ukufundwa kwamagciwane amancane akhombisa ukungcola kwendle, njengobukhona be-E.coli noma ukuxilongwa kwesibalo se-pathogen).
- Ikhwalithi yamakhemikhali. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlaziywa ukuze kubhekwe ukuba khona kwezithasiselo, ezitholakala ikakhulu ezithako nasemakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukuthola nokusabalalisa amanzi.
Imisebenzi yabantu ithinta kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Sizobona ngezansi ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezinkulu.
Izimbangela zokungcola kwamanzi
Njengamanje, abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezinhlanu emhlabeni babulawa ukuphuza amanzi angcolile, isimo esibi kakhulu esimeni sokuvalelwa ngaphandle kwezenhlalo, ubuphofu nokubandlululwa. Lezi yizizathu eziyinhloko:
- Imfucuza yezimboni: imboni ingenye yezinto ezibangela ukungcola kwamanzi. Ngeshwa, izinkulungwane zezinkampani namanje azazi ukuthi lo mthombo kufanele usetshenziswe kahle, futhi zikhipha inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo engcolisayo ezinqubeni zazo zezimboni. Imifula nemisele yiyona ethinteka kakhulu yile mikhuba emibi.
- Khulisa emazingeni okushisa: Yize kungabonakali njengokufana nakho, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nakho kuthinta ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Lapho izinga lokushisa kwe-ecosystem liphakeme kunokujwayelekile, umthombo wamanzi unciphisa okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo, kubangele ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwamanzi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi kwezolimo: izinqubo eziningi zezolimo zesikhathi sethu zisebenzisa omanyolo namakhemikhali ukutshala nokukhiqizwa kokudla. Yebo, le mikhiqizo ihlungwa ngemigudu engaphansi komhlaba futhi, ezimweni eziningi, lezi ziteshi ekugcineni zizongena kunethiwekhi yethu yokuphakelwa kwamanzi ukuze zisetshenziswe. La manzi cishe awalokothi aphathwe futhi abuyiselwe esiteshini esifanele ukusetshenziswa.
- Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi: ukugawula ngokweqile kungadala imifula, amachibi neminye imithombo yamanzi ukuba yome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuzo zonke izimo akubandakanyi ukususwa kwezimpande zezihlahla osebeni lomfula, okungadala ukuthi inhlabathi namagciwane avele ngaphansi komhlaba bese kungcolisa lo mthombo oyigugu.
- Ukuchitheka kukawoyelaOkokugcina, akumele sikhohlwe umkhuba ngokwesiko odale ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba: ukuchitheka kukawoyela nezinto ezitholakala kuwo. Lokhu kuvuza kudalwa ukungahanjiswa kahle kukawoyela nokuvuza kukaphethiloli neminye imikhiqizo. Le mikhiqizo ngokuvamile igcinwa emathangini okugcina angaphansi komhlaba; Ezimweni eziningi, ithangi lamanzi lizovuza futhi izinto zizongena emzimbeni ozungezile, kufaka phakathi imithombo yamanzi efanele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu.
Imiphumela kwezempilo kanye nemvelo
Kunemiphumela emibi eyahlukahlukene edalwa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Singazihlukanisa lezo zizathu zibe ngezomuntu nezemvelo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Izifo: Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile noma ukuwasebenzisela ukuhlanzeka komuntu nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo kuxhumene nezifo eziningi. I-World Health Organisation ikhuluma ngesifo sohudo, ikholera, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A, isifo sohudo, uvendle kanye ne-typhoid fever. Ukuvimbela, ngokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda yokuhlinzekwa, ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye nokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile okudla kanye nenhlanzeko yasendlini.
- Ukufa: ngeshwa, amanzi angcolile anomngcipheko ophakeme ohlotshaniswa nawo. Ngokwe-World Health Organization, izifo zohudo zibulala abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,5 unyaka ngamunye. Phakathi kwazo, ezingaphezu kwezi-840.000 zidalwa ukungabi namanzi ahlanzekile nezindawo zokuhlanzeka zenhlanzeko ezinganele. Izinto ezilula, zansuku zonke njengokugeza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi noma ukuphuza ingilazi yamanzi ahlanzekile kungavimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ezingaba yingozi. Ngaphandle kwamanzi, inhlanzeko nokuthuthwa kwendle, impilo ibekwa engcupheni. Ukushona kuka-40% kwabancane kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esimeni esingesihle noma ukungabi nenhlanzeko esimweni esiphuthumayo.
- Ukungondleki: ukungondleki kuhlobene nokudla okunganele nezifo ezithathelwanayo ngenxa yokuhlangana phakathi kokudla, impilo nokunakekelwa. Ngale ndlela, ukudla okunempilo kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla okunomsoco, kepha futhi kudinga indawo eyanele enikezela ngezinsizakalo zezempilo, izikhungo zokuhlanzeka kanye nezindlela ezanele zokukhucululwa kwendle, okudingeka amanzi okuphuza.
- Izinhlelo zemvelo: Kunemithelela emibi yamanzi ahlanzekile asesimweni esingesihle emvelweni, njengoba ithinta izindawo zokuhlala ezidala ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphila emanzini futhi isize ukuqhakaza kwe-algae eyingozi noma i-eutrophication.
Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Kunemikhuba eminingi nemikhuba emihle yokuqeda noma ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi:
- Bheka imikhiqizo yakho yokuhlanza indlu: zama ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuhlanza yasekhaya embalwa nokuthi ayingcolisi kakhulu.
- Beka insalela ngayinye endaweni yayo ehambisanayo: ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha into enganciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngodoti wasekhaya.
- Khetha izingubo zakho kahle: sebenzisa noma usebenzise futhi lezo ezingalimazi imvelo.
- Hlanganyela: imikhankaso yamavolontiya ezemvelo ibamba iqhaza.
- Chazela amadodana akho namadodakazi akho ukuthi kuyini ukungcoliswa kolwandle: imfundo yezemvelo ibalulekile ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zikwazi ukonga imvelo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi nakho konke okukuhlanganisayo.