Kusukela kuthuthukiswa inguquko yezimboni nokutholakala kwezimoto zezimoto, Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kanye nabanye bakhulise ngokumangazayo umphumela wokubamba ukushisa. Unyaka nonyaka ukukhishwa kwezinto kuye kwanda kakhulu kuya ezingeni lokudlula umkhawulo obekwe ngumphakathi wezesayensi obizwa ngokuthi "ongenakuguqulwa" ngemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushisa komhlaba.
Iyini imiphumela yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni kanye nempilo yabantu? Ngabe bakwazile ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa ngemithetho yamanje? Kulesi sihloko sizobhekana nokunye kwalokhu okungaziwa ukuze wazi kahle i-panorama yomhlaba. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo? Funda ukuze uthole.
Ukwanda komphumela wokushisa
Kulabo abangayikhumbuli kahle, umphumela we-greenhouse wenzeka emkhathini futhi wenzeka ngokusebenza kwamagesi athile abizwa ngokuthi yi-greenhouse gases. Phakathi kwamanye amagesi kukhona i-CO2. Kuze kube manje, yigesi ekhipha ukushisa okukhipha kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele Futhi, yize ingenawo amandla amakhulu okugcina ukushisa, ukugxila kwayo kuphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba yikhona okubhekele kakhulu ukushisa komhlaba.
Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuvela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomlilo. Kusuka emlilweni otshanini obubusayo kuya enjini kadizili yemoto. Imboni, ezokuthutha, ezolimo, njll. Yimithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba wonke ayanda futhi adala ukungalingani okukhulu emvelweni.
Qopha ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngo-2017
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo abangela ukuthuthuka emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, iSpain ayikho emzileni ofanele. Ngonyaka odlule we-2017, Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kukhuphuke ngo-4,46% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka wezi-2016. Lokhu kwanda kusho umlando wokukhishwa kwezisi ezweni lethu selokhu kwaqala ukusebenza iSivumelwano SaseKyoto ngo-2005.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iSpain yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsalela esikhundleni sokukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo. Ngemuva kwezinguquko kunqubomgomo kahulumeni waseRajoy, imixhaso eyayinamandla avuselelekayo yaqedwa. Lokhu kuholele ekutshalweni kokuqala kwalolu hlobo lwephrojekthi landa kakhulu, ukuze ukuzibophezela emandleni avuselelekayo kwehle kakhulu.
Ukwanda kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini kuyimbangela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Amalahle asetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ugesi akhule ngama-21% onyakeni ka-2017. Ngokwengxenye yawo, igesi yemvelo nayo inyuse ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezitshalweni zomjikelezo ezihlanganisiwe ngama-31,8%. Asikhulumi ngezibalo ezincane, kunalokho, ukwanda kukhulu impela futhi lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 emkhathini.
Imikhakha ebhekele ukungcola
Ngokwemikhakha, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akhiqizwa ngophethiloli kwakubangela ukukhishwa okungu-76,1%, kwalandelwa izinqubo zezimboni (usimende, izimboni zamakhemikhali nezinsimbi) okwadala u-9,6% wamagesi, ezolimo nemfuyo (10,1%) nokuphathwa kwemfucuza (4,2 %).
Lokhu kusho ukwanda okuphezulu impela uma sibheka iminyaka emibili eyisisekelo ehlongozwe yi-EU. Ngenhlonipho ku ukukhishwa ngo-1990 kukhule ngo-18% kanti ngokuqondene nango-2005 ngo-22,8%. Inhloso enkulu yaseSpain ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngama-40% ngonyaka ka-2030 uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa eyayinakho ngo-1990.
Ukwanda kokukhishwa kwomoya nakho kubangelwe ukuvuselelwa kwezomnotho okuncane ngemuva kwenhlekelele kanye nokuncika okuphezulu kumafutha ezimbiwa phansi. Konke ukukhuphuka kokukhishwa kungabonakala njengesizathu sokuqala isu le-decarbonisation. Kwenziwa ngemuva koshintsho kwimodeli yokukhiqiza futhi kancane kancane, njengoba kunconyiwe yiParis Agreement.
Kufanele ucabange ukuthi ukususa i-CO2 kusuka onyakeni owodwa kuye kokulandelayo kuyinto engenakwenzeka. Ukukhohlwa uphethiloli wezinsalela ukuvula isikhala samandla avuselelekayo yinto ethatha iminyaka neminyaka ukuguqulwa yizimboni, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezakhamizi.
Vele ushintshele kokuvuselelekayo
Amandla asekelwe kuphethiloli anokuphela futhi isikhathi esifushane. Ngalesi sizathu, kucatshangwa ukuthi into enhle kunazo zonke eSpain ukuvala iziphenduli zezikhungo zamandla enuzi eSpain njengoba zihlanganisa iminyaka engama-40 ubudala (izikhungo zamandla enuzi zenzelwe ukuba nempilo ewusizo yeminyaka engama-40).
Futhi ngukuthi uma kubhekwa isimo lapho kusebenza khona ukusebenza, ngonyaka we-2025 amalahle ngeke angene kugridi kagesi. U-92% wamalahle ashiswa ezweni lethu ungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kwezokuthutha, kubikwa ukuthi uHulumeni uzibophezela ngamasu emotweni kagesi. Ukuhamba umkhakha obaluleke kakhulu ukuwuhlasela futhi okumele ungangcolisi.
Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuphathwa kwezidingo embonini nasezakhiweni. Ngale ndlela, izithiyo ekusetshenzisweni okuzimele eSpain kufanele zigwenywe futhi namandla avuselelekayo afakiwe akhuphuke.
CO2 ukulimala kwemvelo kanye nempilo
Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kunemiphumela eminingi kwemvelo nakubantu. Ngokwanda okulandelanayo kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ngenxa yokugcinwa kokushisa yi-CO2 amakepisi asePoland ancibilika nokukhuphuka kogu lolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-CO2 ingena olwandle, iyenza i-asidi, inciphise kakhulu abantu.
Ngokuya ngezempilo, ukungcoliswa komoya kubangela izinkulungwane zabantu abafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngonyaka ngenxa yezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yokuphefumula. Eziningi zazo zenzeka emadolobheni amakhulu lapho ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela emgwaqeni omningi kakhulu kuphezulu kakhulu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuyaqhubeka nokukhula yize kwethulwa iSivumelwano saseParis.