La lokungcolisa imvelo kuyinkomba esetshenziselwa ukuqonda izinga lomthelela kwezenhlalo emhlabeni. Lo mqondo waphakanyiswa ngo-1996 ngeseluleko sesazi sezomnotho uWilliam Rees nesazi semvelo uMattis Wackernagel. Le nkomba isisiza sazi amandla wokuvuselelwa kweplanethi nezinga esisebenzisa ngalo izinsiza ezikhona. Umuntu minyaka yonke usebenzisa yonke imithombo ekhona yomhlaba, ngakho-ke sifinyelela ekuweni kwemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nendawo yemvelo, yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Yini inyawo lemvelo
Ukungcola kwemvelo kuyinkomba yomthelela kwezenhlalo kwezemvelo. Ngale ndlela, ilinganisa umthelela wesidingo emithonjeni yemvelo ekhona emhlabeni, ehlobene namandla ayo okuvuselela lezi zinsizakusebenza.
Ngamanye amagama, ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengendawo ephelele yokukhiqiza imvelo, edingekayo ukukhiqiza izinsizakusebenza ezisetshenziswa yizakhamizi ezijwayelekile emphakathini othize. Kulesi silinganiso, indawo edingekayo yengezwa ukuze umhlaba ukwazi ukumunca imfucuza eyenziwe yilesi sakhamuzi esijwayelekile.
Ukungcola kwemvelo kuchazwa njengendawo yokukhiqiza kwemvelo edingekayo ukukhiqiza izinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe nokufaka imfucuza eyenziwe ngabantu abathile. Cabanga ngezinga lakho lokuphila unomphela. Ngenxa yesimo semvelo, singakwazi ukuhlola umthelela wohlobo oluthile lokuphila emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyinkomba esetshenziswa kabanzi yokulinganisa intuthuko esimeme.
Ukubalwa kwesinyathelo semvelo
Ukubala isisekelo semvelo, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulinganisela nezokusondela. Noma kunjalo, okusetshenziswe kakhulu kubheka izinto ezilandelayo:
- Izindawo ezidingekayo ekudleni kwezitshalo okudingekayo.
- Inani lamahektha amahlathi adingekayo ukumboza isikhutha esikhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Indawo yolwandle edingekayo ekukhiqizeni izinhlanzi.
- Inani lamahektha adingekayo emapulazini emfuyo nokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo.
Ngaphandle kokubala okuqhubekayo, kuyacaca ukuthi kukhona ubunzima ekutholeni indlela eyamukelwe ngokuphelele. Ngalo mqondo, sikhuluma ngenkomba ekuthuthukisweni, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela ecacile yokubala.
Ukuvela kwalo mqondo kwaqala ngonyaka ka-1996. Isazi sezomnotho uWilliam Rees kanye nesazi sakhe semvelo uMathis Wackernagel bazama ukuthola indlela yokuvumela abantu baqonde ukusimama kwempilo yamanje. Inhloso yakho yokubala ukugxila ekutadisheni inkomba engahlola ukusimama komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje kanye nomthelela wendle yabantu kuwo. Lokhu kuhlala kusekela imodeli yokukhiqiza esimeme kakhulu.
Kuze kube manje, laba bacwaningi bagxile ekubaleni izinkomba ezifana nendawo edingekayo ukuhlinzeka ngokudla kwezitshalo okudingekayo, inani lamahektha ehlathi adingekayo ukuxhasa isikhutha esikhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, indawo yolwandle edingekayo ukukhiqiza inhlanzi kanye nenani le amahektha adingekayo emadlelweni. Yondla imfuyo futhi ukhiqize ukudla kwezilwane.
Lezi zinkomba, ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa ochungechungeni lwamamodeli we-algorithm, zinikela ngezinga lethonya labantu abathile emhlabeni. Ngale ndlela inkomba yadalwa, esetshenziswe kaningi ohulumeni abaningi. Kodwa-ke, abagxeki abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imodeli ayimiseli izindinganiso ezanele zokucabanga ukuthi ithuthukiswe ngokuphelele. Abanye abacwaningi bathole nemikhawulo yale nkomba futhi ayinakubalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Izinhlobo nokubaluleka
Kusukela kuzilinganiso ezenziwe, singahlukanisa izinhlobo zemikhondo yemvelo ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Ngqo: Cabanga ngesenzo esiqondile ngokumelene nemvelo.
- Ngokungaqondile: ucabangela imiphumela engaqondile yemvelo.
- Izinyathelo ezihlangene: Cabanga ngomthelela wamaqembu omphakathi emhlabeni.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba le nkomba isakhiwa, ngaphezu kwalezi zinkomba, amanani amasha angavela. Umkhondo wezemvelo uyinkomba okufanele ithuthukiswe futhi ithuthukiswe. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusiza kakhulu iplanethi ngoba sikhuluma ngesimo lapho, njengoba kuboniswa yizinkomba, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo kungasimama esikhathini esizayo.
Ngenxa yokungcola kwemvelo, singasebenzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisa ukusimama kweplanethi esikhathini esizayo. Ukusimama akukwazi ukwelula impilo yomhlaba kanye nemvelo yayo kuphela, kepha futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yezakhamizi ezihlala kuyo. Yebo, ngenxa yokungcola kwemvelo, izifo eziningi ezibangelwa abantu nemfucuza yabo zingagwenywa. Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngaphandle kwabantu, ikhwalithi yazo yokuphila nayo ithuthukile ngenxa yale nkomba.
Amathiphu okunciphisa
Ukwehlisa indawo yemvelo, izindawo ezahlukahlukene kumele kubhekwane nazo. Nawa amanye amathiphu wokukusiza ufike lapho. Bangazisebenzisa nakwezinye izinyathelo, njengamanzi noma ikhabhoni, ngoba konke kuhlobene.
Izindlu ezisimeme
- Sebenzisa ama-bulbs wokudla aphansi.
- Faka izindonga namasilingi.
- Amafasitela acwebezelwe kabili.
- Sebenzisa izinto ezonga ugesi.
- Yenza kabusha konke okusetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.
Ukuhamba okusimeme
- Sebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi esikhundleni sezimoto ezizimele ukusiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya.
- Ungashayeli izimoto ezingcolisayo.
- Ukuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kuyindlela esimeme ngokwengeziwe yokuhamba emadolobheni.
- Kungcono ukuhamba ngesitimela noma ngebhasi kunokuhamba ngendiza.
Ukonga Amandla
- Sebenzisa i-thermostat ephansi kunazo zonke yokushisa kwasebusika kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa umkhondo wakho wezemvelo.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-air conditioning ehlobo.
- Khipha i-elekthronikhi lapho ingasetshenziswa.
- Izingubo ezomile ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isomisi sokuwa.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo elahlwayo futhi uma wenza njalo, thola njalo indlela efanele yokuyisebenzisa kabusha.
- Nikeza zonke izinto impilo yesibili.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngazo zonke izinhloso.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa ipulasitiki ngangokunokwenzeka (yize ingaphinda ivuselelwe ngokuzayo).
Ukudla okusimeme
- Thenga ukudla kwasendaweni nokwesizini (ukugwema ukuthuthwa kwebanga elide nokungcoliswa).
- Yidla ukudla okungokwemvelo okungajwayelekile noma okungasebenzisi ama-pesticides kanye nama-fertilizer enqubeni yokukhiqiza.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama: Imboni yenyama ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwamagesi amaningi abamba ukushisa.
- Ukugwema ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo equkethe uwoyela wesundu nokudla okucutshunguliwe ngesinye isincomo esibalulekile sokwehlisa isisekelo semvelo nokuvikela amahlathi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendawo yemvelo nokubaluleka kwayo.