Ukuze kuliwe nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, sekuqubuke izivumelwano nemibono eminingi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya. Ngefayela le- Isivumelwano saseParis Wonke amazwe angaphakathi azozama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngo-2050.
UMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe Bezemvelo we-European Union (EU) usufinyelele endaweni efanayo shintsha uhlelo lokuhweba lokukhishwa kwe-European Union (ETS) isikhathi esingama-2021-2030. Bazotholani ngayo?
Iphakethe lezomthetho ukunciphisa ukungcola
Selokhu kwasayinwa Isivumelwano SaseParis ngoZibandlela wezi-2015, izindlela zilawulwa futhi zafundwa ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ngaphandle kokunciphisa umnotho nentuthuko yamazwe. Uma izikhungo zomphakathi zikwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni esiqondile, kuzoba yiphakethe lokuqala elikhulu lezomthetho ukunqanda imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Iphakethe lezomthetho lizinikela kwi-European Union ukunciphisa ukungcola okungu-43% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2005.
Lesi sivumelwano phakathi kongqongqoshe bezemvelo esamukelwe namuhla eBrussels, besilokhu sikhona ixhaswe amazwe ayi-19. UMiguel Arias Cañete, uKhomishani Wezamandla Nesimo Sezulu waseYurophu, ugcizelele ukuthi i-ETS iyisisekelo senqubomgomo ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ubuye wakugcizelela ukubaluleka kwalesi sivumelwano, okufinyelelwe kuso ngezikhathi lapho inqubomgomo yezemvelo iba nezinguquko nokuthi umzamo owenziwayo kumele ubhekwe.
Isebenza kanjani i-ETS?
I-ETS ibisebenza kusukela ngo-2005 futhi iyisistimu yokuqala emhlabeni elawula ukukhishwa okungcolisayo emoyeni ngamazwe. Kuze kube namuhla, uhlelo lokulawula ukungcola olubanzi kakhulu nolubanzi olutholakalayo. Ukuze uzuze ibhalansi ekukhishweni futhi unciphise imiphumela esimweni sezulu, le ETS kumele iguqulwe ngaphandle kokuthi amafemu ezimboni afudusele umkhiqizo wawo ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Ama-ETS enza u-40% wokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa e-European Union futhi kusebenza kwizitshalo zezimboni ezinamandla angu-11.000, abakhiqizi bamandla nezindiza, ukuze uMbuso ngamunye unikeze izimvume zokukhipha isitshalo ngasinye, kuyilapho imikhawulo iqiniswa kancane kancane.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze zihlale eceleni futhi zisize ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, izinkampani zingakhetha ukutshala ingxenye yemali yazo kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile obungangcolisi, njengamandla avuselelekayo, noma ukuthenga amalungelo okuphuma emakethe emazweni angawenzi akhiphe amagesi abo.
Ngokwami, lokhu kungukunyakaza okungaqondakali. Uma kuhloswe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komhlaba wonke futhi siqala ukuthenga amalungelo okukhishwa kwamanye amazwe, inani lamagesi esingayeka ukukhipha liyancipha, futhi ngemuva kwakho konke, konke kuzohlala kufana. Amazwe anezisi eziningi angaba nomsebenzi omningi wezomnotho kanye nengcebo ethe xaxa futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe angakhiphi amagesi awo azokhawulelwa ekukhuleni komnotho wawo.
Vele, kufanelekile nokusho iqiniso lokuthi namuhla, kungcolisa okuningi akusho ukuba nentuthuko engcono kwezomnotho. Emazweni athuthukile anobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile namandla avuselelekayo ayachuma futhi athuthukile, bangakhuphula imisebenzi yabo yezomnotho kanye ne-GDP yezwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhiphela amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini noma basebenzise izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi emisebenzini yabo yezimboni.
Isidingo sikawoyela siyawa futhi namanani entengo
Intengo yamalungelo okuphuma cishe ama-euro angama-25 ngethani ngalinye le-CO2 ukuthi sikhipha emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, ngokwakhiwa kwamandla ahlukile, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa kuyehla futhi, ngakho-ke, njengoba ukuwa kwesidingo, amanani entengo ehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwehla kwamanani nakho kubangelwa inkinga yezomnotho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanani anciphisiwe kakhulu kangangokuthi ukukhishwa ku-2016 bekufanele ama-euro ama-4 kuphela ngethani.
Lezi zikhungo ezintathu kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele esivumelwaneni ngaphambi kwehlobo ukuguqula uhlelo olwenzelwe ukulwa nokwanda kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokuthi i-EU ingahlangabezana nezinhloso zayo zesimo sezulu.