Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zemvelo lapho izilwane zihlala futhi zithuthuka. Esimweni esinjalo, Izilwane zasehlathini sebethuthukile futhi bajwayelana nale ndawo ukuze bakwazi ukusinda. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihlala ehlathini futhi ngayinye yazo inezimfanelo zayo ezihlukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, indlela yokuphila nokuziphendukela kwezilwane zehlathi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Izilwane zasehlathini yilezo ezithola indawo yazo endaweni yehlathi. Okusho ukuthi, ezindaweni ezihlukene zeplanethi yethu, izihlahla nezihlahla ziminyene kakhulu. Njengoba i-ecosystem ngokwayo ingabizwa ngokuthi "ihlathi", kodwa kokubili amahlathi emvula ashisayo njenge-arctic taiga ahlangene ngaphansi kwaleli gama, Izilwane zasehlathini zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane.
Amahlathi, njengoba siwazi, abaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zenza izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlukene kakhulu noma ezingaphansi ezihlanganisa ukudla noma izifunda zezakhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingamagatsha azo, izimpande, iziqu noma izimbali nezithelo zazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhiqiza inani elikhulu lomoya-mpilo osemkhathini, ziphinde zilungise ikhabhoni ku-carbon dioxide futhi zigcine isimo sezulu soMhlaba sizinzile.
Izilwane zasehlathini ngokusho kwe-ecosystem
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemvelo ngaphakathi kwamahlathi futhi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezihlobene nazo. Ake sibone ukuthi ngamunye wabo uyini:
- Amahlathi anamaqabunga ashisayo namanzi ashisayo noma i-Rainforest: Amaxoxo, amasele, izimvemvane, izicabucabu, izinyoka, imfene, izinambuzane, izinyoni ezingavamile kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo.
- Amahlathi omile asezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo: Izinkawu, izinyoni, insada yezilwane ezincelisayo njengezinyamazane, amagundane, izinyoka zezulu elomile, izinkawu ezincane njengezimfene nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlala lapha.
- amahlathi e-coniferous subtropical: Baziwa nangegama lehlathi likaphayini. Lapha sithola izilwane ezifana nezinyoni ezidla inyama, ezinye izilwane ezithwala impahla, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinkulu njengamahlosi, izimfene ezincane nezilwane ezincelisayo njengama-sloth.
- Amahlathi apholile naxubile: singathola ezinyamazaneni, izingulube zasendle, izingwejeje, izinkozi, izinyoka ezincane ezifana namakhorali, ama-canids, njll.
- Amahlathi e-coniferous apholile: Kulezi zindawo zemvelo singathola izinhlobo ezifana ne-moose, izimpungushe, i-lynx, izinyamazane, oklebe kanye nezinhlobo ezincane zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
- Amahlathi e-Boreal noma ama-taigas: singathola amabhere amakhulu, izimpisi, izinyoni ezidla inyama njengezinkozi, izinhlanzi zasezintabeni ezifana nesaumoni, izimbila, njll.
- Amahlathi aseMedithera: Kulezi zimo zemvelo, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ziyakhula, njengamantombazane, ama-wader, izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo njengezimbuzi zasezintabeni, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezifana namabhere ansundu, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini.
- Imihlume: Izilwane ezinjengezinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezincane, izinkalankala nama-bivalves afana nama-oyster nezimbaza, izinyoni ezidobayo, ama-caiman nezingwenya zikhula kulezi zindawo zemvelo.
Izinhlobo zamahlathi
Ziningi izindlela zokuhlukanisa amahlathi, kodwa ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi ebaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwezilwane zasehlathini, naka indlela ehlongozwe yi-WWF (World Wildlife Fund) yokuhlukanisa amahlathi abe yi-biomes:
- Amahlathi aswakeme namanzi ashisayo noma amahlathi emvula. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi zibonisa izakhiwo zezihlahla eziminyene, ezinde, ezihlala unomphela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nemvula.
- Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamahlamvu omile noma omile. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, zishintshana izikhathi ezimfushane zemvula yesizini enesomiso esinde, nezimila eziminyene kancane noma eziminyene.
- Amahlathi e-subtropical coniferous noma kaphayini. Isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo esiphakathi nendawo, ezinenkathi eyomile ende kanye nemvula encane, ikakhulukazi amahlathi e-coniferous namaqabunga abanzi.
- Amahlathi anamaqabunga naphakathi nendawo epholile. Izimo zezulu ezijwayelekile ezipholile, ezinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa nemvula, ezikhona ikakhulukazi ama-angiosperms (izitshalo eziqhakazayo), ngokuvamile axutshwe nezinhlobo ezivuthulukayo nama-laurel.
- amahlathi e-coniferous apholile. Izitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza, ngokuvamile ezindaweni eziphakeme (njengamahlathi angaphansi kwe-subalpine), zivamile ezindaweni ezipholile ezinehlobo elishisayo nobusika obubandayo, imvula eningi, kanye nokugcwala kwamaconifers.
- ihlathi le-boreal noma i-taiga. Lawa ikakhulukazi amahlathi e-coniferous, nakuba kukhona amahlathi axubile ngezikhathi ezithile, aseduze nomjikelezo we-polar, ngakho-ke abhekana nezimo zezulu ezibandayo ezinehlobo elipholile kanye nobusika obupholile kanye nobusika obunzima, lapho ukulahlekelwa komswakama kuphezulu kakhulu futhi izinhlobo kufanele zivumelane nezimo.
- Ihlathi laseMedithera noma i-durissilva. Njengoba igama laso libonisa, lezi zitshalo zivela esimweni sezulu esivamile saseMedithera, ezinemvula eningi yasentwasahlobo ezondla izihlahla nezihlahla endaweni yehlobo elomile, ikwindla efudumele nobusika obupholile, ondla izitshalo. Bahlezi bengasentshonalanga yezwekazi.
- Imihlume. Izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe zezinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu nosawoti namanzi, ngobuningi ezindaweni ezihlangana namagagasi noma izizalo zemifula yezindawo ezishisayo noma ezishisayo zomhlaba. Babonisa ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwebhayoloji kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini.
izici zezilwane
Izilwane ezihlala emahlathini abandayo: Izilwane ezihlala emahlathini abandayo zibonakala kakhulu ngokuba noboya obunzima obunongqimba oluqinile lwamafutha ukuze zihlale zifudumele emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Izilwane ezihlala emahlathini ashisayo: Izilwane ezihlala emahlathini ashisayo abanabo uboya obucebile kangakaNgokuphambene nalokho, ngoba kula mahlathi kunesimo sezulu esinomswakama nesifudumele.
Izilwane ezihlala ehlathini elishisayo: Izilwane zamahlathi ashisayo zingakwazi ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni ezinde, okuyisici salesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile, izilwane zasehlathini zivumelana nezinguquko nezici ze-ecosystem ngayinye ezihlala kuyo.
Ukudla
Njengezici, ukuthi izilwane zasehlathini zidla kanjani kuzoncika ku-biome ezizalela kuyo, njengoba zenza kuya ngesimo sezulu, izitshalo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala kuyo.
Isibonelo, amabhere ahlala emahlathini anamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kanye nobusika obunzima kakhulu ajwayele ukuzingela futhi adle ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwezinye izinkathi zonyaka ukuze angene esigabeni sokulala, lapho azolala khona ubusika bonke, ngakho-ke ungamoshi Amandla akho. .
Ezinye izilwane zikhetha ukuthuthela emahlathini afanayo ukudla ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sasebusika obubandayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwehlathi, zonke izilwane zenza amasu okuphila kuwo, njengokuzingela, ukudoba noma ukuqoqa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zehlathi kanye nezici zazo.