Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho Imithombo yamandla akhona emhlabeni wonke. Sizihlukanisa kakhulu imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo nokungavuseleleki. Abokuqala nabo babizwa amandla aluhlaza noma uhlanzekile. Yibo abathola ukubaluleka okukhulu eminyakeni edlule ngoba amandla angavuseleleki avela izinto zokubasa futhi zingcolisa iplanethi futhi zidala umonakalo omkhulu nemiphumela njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Sizokufundisa zonke izinhlobo zemithombo yamandla ekhona emhlabeni nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko.
Imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo
Yimithombo yamandla etholakala ngemithombo yemvelo. Zingamandla angapheli ngesikhathi ngoba izinga lokuvuselelwa kwazo lidlula kude ukusetshenziswa. Bangakwazi ukuvuselelwa ngezenzo zemvelo. Phakathi kwale mithombo sithola ilanga, umoya, amanzi, amagagasi, njll. Kuyimithombo engapheli futhi ezohlala itholakala.
Sizobachaza kafushane ngamunye ngamunye.
Amandla elanga
Ikhiqizwa ngelanga. Lihlanzekile futhi alingcolisi. Isebenza kusuka kumapaneli elanga futhi ngiyabonga ku- umphumela we-photovoltaic. Ingakunika kusuka ekufakweni okuncane okufana nekhaya lasekhaya kuya ezitshalweni zokuphehla ugesi. Ngaphandle kwekhono elinalo lapha eSpain isimo sezulu nenani lamahora okukhanya kwelanga akusetshenziswa kahle.
Zisetshenziselwa isayensi yezinkanyezi nokubuka. Iziphuphutheki zifake ama-solar panel ayisiza ukuthi iqhubeke nokuziphakela ukuze ihlale isebenza futhi ithole imininingwane edingekayo.
Amandla omoya
Ikhiqizwa ngomoya. Ineminyaka yomlando ngemuva kwayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo amandla emimoya ayesetshenziswa emashini ukugaya ukolweni. Njengamanje, amandla omoya asebenza nge- imishini yomoya. Yize benezindleko eziphezulu zokufakwa ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amakhulu. Enye yezinzuzo ukuthi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi futhi ingafakwa ezindaweni eziningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi inezinkinga ezithile. Okuyinhloko ukuthi kubangela umthelela omkhulu ekubukekeni komhlaba lapho kukhona amapulazi omoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphazamisa imizila eminingi yezinyoni ezifudukayo ezinenani eliphakeme lemvelo noma ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Kuya futhi kakhulu lapho kutholakala khona imishini yomoya. Kufanele ibekwe endaweni lapho kunomoya futhi ayithonywa noma yehliswe ijubane ngezinye izinto ezifana nezakhiwo noma izintaba nezigodi.
Amandla we-Hydraulic
La amandla wokubacindezela Yileyo ekhiqizwa ngenxa yamanzi. Kwenzeka kufayela le- ugesi wokubacindezela. Ngayo, ukushisa noma ugesi kungakhiqizwa ngamandla anganikezwa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngezinjini zokuphehla ugesi.
Amandla we-geothermal
La amandla we-geothermal lisebenzisa amandla uMhlaba anawo nokushisa kwawo. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ngoba kuya ngomsebenzi wenhlabathi nobukhulu besikhala sendawokazi endaweni ngayinye. Amazwe abandayo afana ne-Iceland anenhlanhla yokuba nawo amandla we-geothermal njengomthombo oyinhloko wokunikezwa. Lapho sijula ngokujulile ekujuleni koqweqwe lomhlaba, lapho ukushisa singakusebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla.
Inkinga enkulu yalolu hlobo lwamandla ngu izindleko eziphakeme zengqalasizinda ezidingekayo ukukhipha ukushisa kuqweqwe lwamazwekazi.
Amandla we-biomass
La mandla asebenzisa zonke izinsalela eziphilayo ezingasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphilisi, izinsalela zokuthena, amatshe omnqumo, izinsalela zokugawula, njll.. Iyasetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba isiza ukugcina amahlathi ephethwe kangcono futhi lolu hlobo lwemfucuza luyasetshenziswa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengokushisa ukubonga ekudalweni kwe- ama-biomass boilers.
Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki
Ebizwa nangokuthi izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Yilezo ezidalwe yimvelo kepha ezinesikhathi esilinganiselwe ekusetshenzisweni kwazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwawo kuhamba kancane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso somuntu kanye nejubane asetshenziswa ngalo. Ngamanye amagama, uwoyela noma amalahle ekugcineni kuzonyamalala noma, okungenani, ngeke kusetshenziswe ukukhiqiza amandla ngezinga elikhulu.
Sihlaziya imithombo esemqoka yamandla angavuseleleki
Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi
Ingabe lawo akhiqizwa yi- uwoyela, amalahle, igesi yemvelo nezinto ezivela kuzo. Kuyinto izinsiza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ukukhiqiza amandla. Ngalesi sizathu, yisona sizathu sokuqala sokuthi kungani izinhlekelele ezifana nembobo esendleleni ye-ozone, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyanda. Konke lokhu kungumphumela wokungcola abakukhiqizayo kokubili ekukhiqizweni nasekusebenziseni kwabo.
Amandla enyukliya
Kungamandla lawo uphethiloli omkhulu i-uranium. Kukhona abavikeli be- amandla enuzi kakhulu njengabaphikisana naysayers. Kungamandla angakhiphi izinto ezingcolisayo kepha ashiya imfucumfucu eyingozi yenuzi futhi kuyadingeka ukwakha i- amathuna enuzi. Kukhona futhi ukwesaba izinhlekelele zenuzi eziqine kakhulu emlandweni njenge lawo aseChernobyl nawaseFukushima.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izinto ezingavuseleleki seziyinjini yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kuka-60% womhlaba usebenza ngenxa yamandla atholakala kumalahle noma uwoyela. Isetshenziselwa ukunika amandla imishini yezimboni, izitimela, ezokuthutha, ugesi, umusi, njll.
Ngoyili, izinto eziningi ezingenamkhawulo zenziwa esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke, kufaka phakathi ipulasitiki ngaphandle kwayo yonke imboni, ama-petrochemicals kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto zokuhamba kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kukagesi.
Iningi lamandla avuselelekayo ancishiswa elanga nomoya, ngoba yiwona asakazeke kakhulu futhi lawo anezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla abuyayo. Ukuthuthuka nokucwaninga kwayo kuyathuthuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho izindleko zokukhiqiza zehla, ziyayenza ziba amandla okuncintisana ngempela ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
Masethembe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu, amandla avuselelekayo angenza indlela yawo yokuhlala eyokuqala ekuhlinzekweni futhi singanciphisa yonke imithelela emvelweni nasekungcoleni.