Iplanethi isikhumbuza njalo kaningi ukuthi akukho ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi, njengesomiso esikhulayo esisongela ukutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zokungcoliswa kwamanzi zenza izinga lalo mthombo oyigugu liwohloke, okubonisa usongo empilweni yeplanethi. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, amanzi nokungcola amagama amabili ahlobene eduze. Abantu abaningi abazi kahle nge- Imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngemiphumela eyinhloko yokungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nezinhlobo zawo.
Izinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Amakhabhoni
Ukuchitheka kukawoyela cishe kuhlale kunomthelela ezilwaneni zasendle zendawo noma eziphila emanzini, kodwa amandla okusabalala makhulu kakhulu.
Amafutha anamathela ezimpapheni zezinyoni zasolwandle, okunciphisa ikhono labo lokubhukuda noma ukundiza futhi libulale izinhlanzi. Ukwanda kokuchitheka kukawoyela nokuchitheka olwandle kubangele ukungcola olwandle. Okubalulekile: Amafutha awancibiliki emanzini futhi azokwakha ungqimba olujiyile lwamafutha emanzini, aminyanise izinhlanzi futhi avimbe ukukhanya ezitshalweni zasemanzini ze-photosynthetic.
Indawo yamanzi
Amanzi angaphezulu ahlanganisa amanzi emvelo atholakala phezu komhlaba, njengemifula, amachibi, amachibi, nolwandle. Lezi zinto zihlangana namanzi bese zincibilika noma zixubane nawo ngokomzimba.
i-oxygen absorber
Kukhona ama-microorganisms emanzini. Lezi zihlanganisa izinto eziphilayo ze-aerobic kanye ne-anaerobic. Amanzi ngokuvamile aqukethe ama-microorganisms, okungaba i-aerobic noma i-anaerobic, kuye ngezinto ezibolayo eziphilayo ezilenga emanzini.
Amagciwane engeziwe adla futhi adle umoya-mpilo, okuholela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo ze-aerobic kanye nokukhiqizwa kobuthi obuyingozi njenge-ammonia nesibabule.
Ukungcoliswa komhlaba
Amanzi emvula avuza izibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ahlobene nawo avela enhlabathini futhi awamuncele emhlabathini, angcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane
Emazweni asathuthuka, abantu baphuza amanzi angahlanzekile asuka emifuleni, emifudlaneni noma kweminye imithombo. ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukungcola okungokwemvelo okubangelwa ama-microorganisms afana namagciwane, amagciwane kanye ne-protozoa.
Lokhu kungcola kwemvelo kungabangela ukugula okukhulu kwabantu nokufa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Ukungcola Kwendaba Okumisiwe
Akuwona wonke amakhemikhali ancibilika kalula emanzini. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "izinhlayiya." Lezi zinhlobo zezinto zingalimaza noma zibulale ngisho nezilwane zasemanzini.
Ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali emanzini
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimboni ezahlukene zisebenzisa kanjani amakhemikhali alahlwa ngqo emithonjeni yamanzi. Amakhemikhali ezolimo asetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezolimo ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo bagcina sebesemifuleni, befaka ushevu eziphila emanzini, bacekele phansi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi babeke ukuphila kwabantu engozini.
Ukungcoliswa komsoco
Izikhathi eziningi sithi amanzi anemisoco enempilo yokuphila, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuwahlanza. Kodwa ukuthola ukugcwala okuphezulu komanyolo wezolimo nezimboni emanzini okuphuza kwashintsha isithombe.
Amanzi amaningi angcolile, umanyolo, nendle kuqukethe imisoco eningi engakhuthaza ulwelwe nokukhula kokhula emanzini, kuwenze angaphuzeki, futhi avale nezisefo.
Ukugeleza kukamanyolo ongcolisa amapulazi amanzi asuka emifuleni, emifuleni, nasemachibini kuze kuyofika olwandle. Umanyolo unothe ngemisoco ehlukene edingwa impilo yezitshalo, futhi amanzi ahlanzekile aphumayo aphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo yemisoco ebalulekile ezitshalweni zasemanzini.
Imiphumela yokungcola kwamanzi
Amanzi angcolile ngomuthi esiwukhipha endlini yangasese noma amafutha esiwadonsa phansi kusinki. Imfucuza ephonswe olwandle nasemifuleni ingezinye izibonelo. Okufanayo kwenzeka nge ama-microplastic, okugxilwa kwawo olwandle akhula ngokushesha. Ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezizwe, amapulasitiki ayizigidi ezingu-8 aphelela olwandle minyaka yonke, ashintsha impilo yemvelo ehlala kulo.
Ngokuqondile, le nhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ichaza ukungcoliswa kwamanzi njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi ukwakheka kwawo kushintsha kuze kube yilapho engasebenziseki. Amanzi angcolile asho ukuthi abantu abakwazi ukusebenzisa lo mthombo oyigugu. Lokhu konakala kumelela usongo olukhulu emhlabeni futhi kuzokwandisa ubumpofu balabo abasengozini kakhulu.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kunemiphumela elimazayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nempilo yeplanethi. Eminye yemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcoliswa kwamanzi yilezi: ukubhujiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukungcoliswa kochungechunge lokudla, okuhlanganisa nokusabalala kwezinto ezinobuthi ekudleni kanye nokushoda kwamanzi okuphuza.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahlinzeka ngama-80% abantu emhlabeni. U-4% walezi ziqiwi ungcolile. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, okuyinhloko kuhlobene nomsebenzi wezimboni ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokwesibonelo, unyaka ngamunye amanzi angcolile angaphezu kuka-450 cubic kilometers alahlwa olwandle. Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kungcola, kwasetshenziswa amanzi ahlanzekile engeziwe angama-cubic kilometer angu-6.000 XNUMX.
NgokweZizwe Ezihlangene, amathani ayizigidi ezimbili endle ageleza emanzini omhlaba nsuku zonke. Umthombo obaluleke kakhulu wokungcoliswa kwemvelo ukungabikhona kokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza yabantu, yezimboni nezolimo.
Olunye uketshezi lungangcolisa izindawo ezinkulu zamanzi ezindaweni eziphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, amalitha ama-4 nje kaphethiloli angangcolisa amalitha amanzi afinyelela ku-2,8 million. Izilwane zasemanzini ahlanzekile zishabalala ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kunezilwane zasemhlabeni.
Imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle
Indawo yasolwandle engcoliswe kakhulu uLwandle iMedithera. Ugu lwaseFrance, eSpain nase-Italy ngezinye zezifunda ezingcoliswe kakhulu eMhlabeni. Okulandelayo ohlwini yiCaribbean, iCeltic, neNorth Seas. isizathu? Udoti wasolwandle, enye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu zokungcola olwandle. Ngaphezu kuka-60% wemfucuza efika iyipulasitiki. 6,4 million amathani epulasitiki Bagcina sebesolwandle minyaka yonke.
Uma singawuthandi umhlaba wethu futhi sithatha isinyathelo sokuqeda ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, izilwandle zingadlula kubalingani bethu ekwehliseni imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezitheni zethu. Lawa manzi amakhulu asebenza njengamasinki emvelo e-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa amagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nomthelela omubi wesimo sezulu esibucayi.
Njengamanje, ososayensi nochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke bayasixwayisa ngokuthi uma singayishintshi imikhuba yethu futhi siyeke ukukhipha le gesi engcolisayo, ukuphila olwandle ngeke kuphile ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa, futhi lokho kuzoba enye into okufanele siyithathe. i-akhawunti.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushoda kwamanzi kanye ne-hydric stress ezinye izinkinga okufanele sibhekane nazo. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-United Nations Environment Programme, ngo-2025, ingxenye yezakhamuzi zale planethi izobhekana nokuntuleka kwalo mthombo oyigugu. Iconsi ngalinye lamanzi angcolile namuhla lisho amanzi alahlekile kusasa.
Indlela yokugwema imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kusezandleni zethu. Lezi ezinye zezinto esingazenza ukuze siqede ukuba khona kokungcola emanzini ethu:
- Yehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide
- Qeda ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezisongela imvelo yethu
- Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile
- Ungacheleli izitshalo ngamanzi angcolile
- Ukukhuthazwa kokudoba okusimeme
- Susa amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamanzi.