Kusukela ngo-2018, iGermany ngeke isasebenza noma yiziphi izimayini zamalahle ze-anthracite. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimayini ezilahliwe zizonikezwa impilo entsha ukuze ziqhubeke nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo ezweni. A) Yebo, imayini yamalahle eneminyaka engama-50 etholakala ezitsheni zezimayini zaseNyakatho Rhine manje seyizoguqulwa ibe yisiteshi samandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. wokumpompa ama-200 MW okuzogcina amandla athe xaxa avela elangeni nasemoyeni, futhi okuzokhiqiza ugesi uma kungekho moya noma ilanga.
Lesi sitshalo esisha sizokwazi ukukhiqiza u-200MW wamandla, sikwazi ukuxhasa amakhaya afinyelela ku-400.000, futhi sizokwenza lokho ngenxa yokuxuba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho ugesi. Ukwenza lokhu, kuzofakwa ama-solar panels nama-windmill ukuze kusizakale amandla omoya ne-Sun. Yize lesi sitshalo sizoba nohlelo B lokuthi le mithombo emibili yamandla yehluleka nini: sebenzisa izindlela zokuhamba zemayini ukuvula amanzi, ukuwasebenzisa ngama-turbine nokukhiqiza ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo sizogcina namandla amaningi.
Uma kunesidingo, opharetha bangaqala amanzi avela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1.200 azoqala imishini ephungwayo ukuthatha enye indlela uma eminye imithombo yamandla ingatholakali. Isakhiwo sezimayini sinamakhilomitha angama-26 wemibukiso.
Ngokusho kukaBloomberg, lesi silinganiso sizovumela ukuvuselela isifunda ebesiphila ngophethiloli emashumini eminyaka adlule futhi akunqatshelwe ukuthi ezinye izimayini esifundeni zihlangabezana nenhlekelele efanayo njengoba le ndawo idinga ukukhuphula isilinganiso sayo yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze la afinyelele kuma-30% ngo-2025.
Isifunda okuzofakwa kuso lesi sikhungo sokuphehla ugesi sakha ingxenye yesithathu yezidingo zezwe lonke futhi iningi livela ezikhungweni zamandla kagesi ezishisayo ezisebenzisa amalahle ukukhiqiza amandla. Ngalesi sizathu, nokuqhubeka nokushintshela kwayo kumodeli yamandla esimeme futhi ngokuhlonipha imvelo, izwe selamukele izinyathelo ezifana nokuguqula imayini ibe yisikhungo samandla esivuselelekayo.
EYurophu ngeke sifinyelele ku-100% imodeli evuselelekayo, kepha kukhona izwe elithile emhlabeni lapho sebekuthokozela khona vele.
ICosta Rica ikhiqiza cishe u-100% wamandla ewasebenzisayo
Ngonyaka wesibili ngokulandelana, amandla ayi-98% asetshenzisiwe ICosta Rica ivela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela esifundazweni iCosta Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2016 ifinyelele ku-98.2% wamandla avuselelekayo, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu zamandla ahlanzekile: isitshalo se-hydroelectric (74.39%), amandla we-geothermal (12.43%), izitshalo zamandla omoya (10.65%), i-biomass (0.73%) namapaneli elanga (0.01%).
isiteshi samandla kagesi ophehla ugesi
Ngesitatimende esivela ku-ICE, kwabikwa ukuthi iNational Electric System ingeze izinsuku ezingama-271 zokukhiqizwa kukagesi okungu-100% ngo-2016 futhi onyakeni wesibili olandelanayo weqa u-98% wesizukulwane ngemithombo emihlanu ehlanzekile ekuqongeleleni konyaka. Sekukonke, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi wezwe kwaba ngama-gigawatt amahora angu-10778 (GWh).
Ukuba ngu- UJuni 17 kwakuwusuku lokugcina luka-2016 lapho kwakudingeka ukuthi kuphendukele esizukulwaneni esishisayo ngokusebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ngalolo suku kwakumele u-0.27% womkhiqizo kazwelonke kagesi.
I-El Niño Phenomenon
I-ICE iveze ukuthi yize i-2015 ibingunyaka lapho khona into ye-El Niño ibikhona, edala ukushoda kwemvula, futhi ukuthi esikhathini esiningi sango-2016 kube nemvula ephansi, amandla okugcina amanzi amadamu avunyelwe ukukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile.
Kodwa-ke, iCosta Rica ihlomule ngokuqala ukusebenza kulo nyaka esitshalweni se-hydroelectric eMfuleni iReventazón, esifundazweni saseLimon (eCaribbean), nase-c.kubhekwe njengokukhulu kunazo zonke eMelika Ephakathi, okwazi ukukhiqiza amamegawathi angama-305.5 okulingana nokusetshenziswa kukagesi emakhaya ayizinkulungwane ezingama-525. Kanye nokwenza kahle kwamachibi kanye nokusetshenziswa kweminye imithombo evuselelekayo, njengamandla we-geothermal avela ezintabamlilo, ilanga, umoya kanye ne-biomass.
Okwe-2017, iphrojekthi yezwe eyenza isizukulwane evuselelekayo izohlala izinzile. Sizoba nezitshalo ezine zomoya entsha futhi silindele izimo ezikahle ze-hydrometeorological (emifuleni) ezondla izitshalo zethu, "kusho uMongameli we-ICE uCarlos Obregón.