Kukhona izinambuzane eziningi ezihlasela izitshalo futhi zidale umonakalo omkhulu. Konke lokhu kufaka izindleko ezinkulu zezomnotho kanye nezinguquko ezinhlelweni zemvelo.
Eminyakeni yamuva, amagciwane Xyella fastidiosa usebe isitshalo esiyingozi kakhulu eYurophu. Ukulimala kwayo okuningi kuye kwaphoqa ukuba kugawulwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminqumo yomnqumo eningizimu ye-Italy. Manje isakazeka ngokuqinile ngeziQhingi zeBalearic.
I-Xylella fastidiosa, isifo esibuhlungu
Amacala okuqala okutheleleka nge-Xylella enzeka ngoNovemba owedlule ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa eMallorca. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha babezethemba becabanga ukuthi kuzoba ngamacala angawodwa nokuthi ngeke athinte noma asakaze kuzo zonke izitshalo ikakhulukazi izitshalo. Noma kunjalo, zitholakele namacala angu-92 amahle kaXylella eMallorca nase-Eivissa. Ukuze kunqandwe lesi sifo, kuvunyelwe isinqumo esizomemezela yonke indawo yaseBalearic njengendawo eklanywe yilesi sifo.
Xyella fastidiosa
Lesi sinyathelo esithathwe nguHulumeni sizokwenza ukuthi kungabi lula ukuhweba nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemifino ephilayo, ukuyithumela kwezinye izindawo. Ngale ndlela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka luyagwenywa futhi isifo siyelashwa in situ ukuze ingabangeli omunye umonakalo. Kuzophinde futhi kuvimbele Izinkulungwane zezihlahla nobubanzi obukhulu bohlaza buyasikwa ukuze zikwazi ukubhekana nokugawulwa.
E-European Union, babheka i- Xyella fastidiosa kanye nematode I-Bursaphelenchus xylophilus wakhe izinambuzane ezimbili ezintsha eziyingozi kakhulu ezisongela uhlaza. Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwayo, cishe iminyaka emine, kusetshenziswe izinyathelo ezifuna kakhulu nezikhulu ukulawula ukwanda kwayo. I- Xyella fastidiosa kubangela ukufa kancane kwesitshalo esisithathayo.
Izindawo ezitheleleke nge Xyella fastidiosa
Yize lesi sifo sisabalale kulo lonke elase-Italy futhi saziwa njenge "Inhlupho yomnqumo", okuwukuphela kwendawo yaseSpain lapho leli gciwane litholakale khona kuseziQhingini zaseBalearic. Izinyathelo zokuqala zokuvikela ezisetshenziswe eMallorca bezinganele. Ngakho-ke, i-radius yamamitha ayi-100 yadonswa ukuze ikwazi ukunciphisa izindawo ezinegciwane. Kulezi zindawo, zonke izitshalo ezisingethe lezi zinhlobo zisusiwe. Indawo engamakhilomitha ayi-10 nayo ihlukaniselwe indawo yokuqukatha lapho kusetshenziswe khona imeshini ehlelekile engu-100 × 100 m. Kulesi meshes, kuthathwe amasampula ezitshalweni ezibonisa izimpawu ze-Xylella kanye nalezo ezizungezile, futhi zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zazo zonke izinhlobo ze-Xylella ziye zahlolwa. Ngalezi zenzo, izitshalo eziyi-1.921 zisusiwe ngokuya ngomgomo wokuqapha i-phytosanitary.
Kulezi zinhlolovo kube khona Abangu-71 baqinisekise okuhle eMallorca nabangu-21 e-Eivissa. Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi umuntu angakhuluma ngokusakazeka kwamagciwane kuyo yonke insimu. Kungakho, kwi-Ministerial Order yangoMgqibelo, Januwari 21, 2017, okubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusuka endaweni yomphakathi ozimele wayo yonke imifino yokutshala, ngaphandle kwembewu, engangenwa yingozi.
UHulumeni uyakuqinisekisa ukuthi Lo Myalelo KaNgqongqoshe ayikhiqizi izindleko zezomnotho noma kakhulu ukulahleka. Njengoba, ngaphandle kokuthi iziQhingi zeBalearic zingabangenisi bezinto eziphilayo ezitshalwayo hhayi abathengisa ngaphandle, lo Myalelo Wongqongqoshe uzonciphisa imiphumela emibi yokutheleleka ngokuthi Xylla fastidiosa.
Izinhlobo ezithathelwanayo
Phakathi kwezihlahla ezithintwe yi Xyella fastidiosa sahlangana izihlahla zomnqumo, i-cherry, iplamu kanye ne-alimondi. Ngokuphathelene neMallorca, kutholakale okuhle emithini yomnqumo eyisikhombisa, izihlahla zomnqumo zasendle eziyishumi nane, i-polygal eyisishiyagalolunye, izihlahla ezintathu ze-cherry, iplamu elilodwa nezihlahla ze-alimondi ezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa, kuyilapho okuhle kwe-Eivissa bekuse-oleanders ababili, izihlahla zomnqumo eziyishumi nesithupha, i-polygal eyodwa, imimosa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-lavender.
Ekugcineni, kwafakwa izingibe ze-chromotic ezindaweni ezinegciwane eMallorca. Lezi yizicupho ezivumela ukuthola ubukhona bevektha edlulisa amabhaktheriya. Vuliwe uMnyango Wezilwane ze-University of the Balearic Islands Ucwaningo seluqalile ukubona ukuthwala okungenzeka kwaleli bhaktheriya futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugxilwe ekubanqandeni.
Kuyacasula ngempela.