Inhlokodolobha yokuvuselelwa iphendukela ebukhosini beSpain ukwenza izimali kumandla we-photovoltaic. Ngokungafani neminyaka eyi-10 edlule, iholo lakho kuzoncika ngokuyisisekelo emakethe esikhundleni salokho okunqunywa nguMnyango Wezamandla.
Ngeshwa, i-Popular Party yaphula ukuphepha kwezwe ngokusemthethweni, futhi lokhu kwabethusa abatshalizimali. Eqinisweni, kudale i- ima ezweni nelanga eliningi abavela kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ngenhlanhla, ukuthuthuka ezimakethe kanye nokuvumelana kwezepolitiki kwaseYurophu okufinyelelwe ngemuva kweSivumelwano SaseParis kudonsela utshalomali eSpain maqondana ne elaboy futhi, ukungena kwakhe kumxube wamandla kusibekela okumbalwa 3% wesidingo okwamanje
Ngenzuzo elinganiselwayo phakathi kuka-4% no-7% ngokwesilinganiso, Inzalo yezimali, amabhange, abathuthukisi bezimboni kanye nabadlali bezinkokhelo baqala ukukhiqiza amandla amasha ngamandla elanga.
Ngokulandelayo sizobona ezinye izinkinobho:
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko kwe-solar photovoltaic
Lesi yisici esiyinhloko se- umfutho omkhulu obhekana nalobu buchwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele. Namuhla, amapaneli we-photovoltaic ashibhe ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunangesikhathi seminyaka eyishumi edlule.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla elanga we-photovoltaic asevele enokuncintisana ngaphandle kwesidingo soxhaso njengakuqala. Eqinisweni, i- isifundo sokugcina we-International Energy Renewable Agency (I-IRENA) kukhombisa ukuthi ugesi okhiqizwa nge-photovoltaic solar yiwona osube yishibhile kunabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo.
Ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani kungenxa yokukhiqizwa eChina, lapho kukhiqizwa khona amapuleti angaba ngu-100%. Abanye ababonisi abakhethekile kulo mkhakha baxwayisa ngokuthi kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi amaShayina bangaqala ukubiza kakhulu intengo yamapuleti inikezwe ukuthi ayinayo imincintiswano ebalulekile emhlabeni jikelele.
Kuningi Ilanga Elitholakalayo
Esinye isici esinqumayo uma kukhulunywa ngokubheja eSpain amandla ale ndawo, uma kunikezwe i- imithombo ephezulu yelanga. Eqinisweni, yizwe laseYurophu elinemisebe yelanga kakhulu. Izwe lisizakala ngokusizakala ngezokuvakasha. Ngeshwa, amandla kagesi awasetshenziswa. Uma sibheka imininingwane, yayifakwe eSpain ngasekupheleni kuka-2017 4.675 MW wamandla we-photovoltaic, ngenkathi useGermany, onamandla emithombo yelanga ayindlala kakhulu futhi enokwandiswa komhlaba ofanayo, sekuvele kukhona ama-MW angaphezu kwama-40.000 asebenzayo.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwesikhathi esizayo
Enye into ebalulekile yokubheja ezintweni ezivuselelekayo yizinga eliphezulu le- ukwehlisa ukuthi i-European Union ikutholile ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-decarbonisation.
Lokhu kuphoqa ukuqeda ukungcola ngo-2050 futhi lokhu kufaka ukukhuphuka okukhulu ekukhiqizeni ugesi ngokuvuselelwa. Kungakho amazwe angamalungu ethula indali yokufaka lobu buchwepheshe obubavumela ukuthi bahlangabezane nezilinganiso zabo. Ukuhlangabezana ne- Izivumelwano zaseParis isayinwe ngo-2015, ochwepheshe bakhomba ukufakelwa ugesi umnotho.
Lokhu kwenza abaningi bacabange ukuthi isidingo sikagesi sizokhula ngamandla eminyakeni ezayo. Ubufakazi balokhu ukubheja okunqunyiwe okwenziwa amafektri amaningi ezimoto imoto kagesi.
Nciphisa amaphepha kanye nokungaqiniseki okulawula okuncane
Amandla we-Photovoltaic akhombisile endalini yokugcina evuselelekayo ukuthi angancintisana ngaphandle koxhaso lukahulumeni. Okusho ukuthi, ngamanani emakethe. Ngenhlanhla yezikhwama zombuso, ukuncika kwe-Administration kuncane futhi kuncane. Nciphisa amaphepha lapho ufaka izakhiwo ezintsha, nokuhlonipha uhlaka lokulawula, kuzosiza kakhulu ukuheha utshalomali olusha.
I-PPA (Isivumelwano Sokuthenga Amandla)
Njengokusha, sinomkhiqizo owaziwa njenge I-PPA (Isivumelwano Sokuthenga Amandla). Kuyisivumelwano sesikhathi eside phakathi kukhiqizi othengisa ugesi ngentengo ethile nomthengi oyithengayo. Lo mkhiqizo ubalulekile, ngoba ngaphandle kosizo lukahulumeni, amabhange nezimali ziyavuma ukufaka imali ngokusebenzisa le PPA njengesibambiso, esivumela intuthuko ngaphandle kwezindali zakamuva nanoma yiluphi uhlobo losizo.
Njengoba kuchazwe ngumqondisi jikelele wenhlangano ye-photovoltaic UNEF, uJosé Donoso, "kukhona phakathi kuka-1.000 2.000 MW no-4.000 MW ngaphandle kwe-XNUMX MW enikezwe endalini eqhutshwa manje ne-PPA noma ngqo ngentengo yemakethe." Kukhona ngisho abatshalizimali abazimisele ukuthatha ingozi yokungazinzi okunikezwa yimali engenayo evela emakethe ye-wholesale, enokushintshashintsha okukhulu.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile intshisekelo evuselelwe yamabhange yokuxhasa le misebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ubungozi bemakethe kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi kwesikhathi esedlule kubenza babe ngaphezulu uhlakaniphile lapho ujova izimali. Kodwa-ke, imithombo yezimboni ichaza ukuthi kunamabhange aphesheya asebenza kakhulu futhi azolwa neSpain.
Ikhabe lokukhiqiza ugesi ebelisezandleni 'zezinsiza' ezinkulu lizoqhubeka ngokuhlukana. I-oligopoly yokukhiqiza iphukile. Empeleni, Izimali zempesheni (I-Allianz, izikhungo zomphakathi zaseHontario), ze capital capital (Cerberus, KKR, Oaktree) noma kusuka ku- ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda (IGIP, eBrookfield) abokufika bangena emkhakheni ngokuzimisela.
