I-Uruguay yaba kanjani izwe elihola ngamandla emimoya

amapulazi omoya

Izwe elincane elingenazo izinqolobane zikawoyela lakwazi kanjani ukwehlisa intengo kagesi walo, linciphise ukuthembela kwalo emafutheni, futhi lihole emandleni avuselelekayo?

Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, i-Uruguay izuze okuthile okwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka, yaba izwe elinengxenye enkulu kagesi ekhiqizwa ngamandla omoya eLatin America futhi engenye yezindlela ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngenxa yalokhu, izwe selinciphise ukuba sengozini kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nesomiso esikhulayo esithinta amadamu kagesi.

Ngoyela oshibhile kuza ukuphela kokuvuseleleka?

Okwamanje, ngaphezu kuka-30% kagesi wezwe laseNingizimu Melika ukhiqizwa ngumoya. EBrazil, isibonelo, iphesenti lingaphezudlwana kuka-6%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay ilindele okunye ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo ezinyangeni ezizayo.

Ngokusho kwenhloko yeNational Energy Directorate yoMnyango Wezimboni, Amandla Nezimayini e-Uruguay, u-Olga Otegui: "Silindele ukuthi kulo nyaka ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi ovela emandleni omoya kuzoba ngaphezu kwama-35%"

Texas

Ngo-2017, izwe lifisa u-38% kagesi ophehlwa ngumoya, ozobekwa eduze komholi womhlaba iDenmark, ngo-42%, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku Umkhandlu Wezamandla Womoya Womhlaba Wonke, I-Global Wind Energy Council, i-GWEC ngesifinyezo sayo esiNgisini.

Ipulazi lomoya olwandle

Ngaphakathi, amanye amazwe ane ukufakelwa okuqhubekayo yiPortugal, ne-23%, iSpain, i-19%, ne-Germany, i-15%.

Ukuqhubeka kwemakethe yomoya e-Uruguay kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokusho kukaTabaré Arroyo, umeluleki emandleni avuselelekayo eWorld Wide Fund for Nature: «Ngo-2005 kwakungekho amandla omoya e-Uruguay. Ngo-2015 besekuvele kunomthamo ongaphezulu kuka-580 MW kanti ngo-2020 kukholakala ukuthi kuzoba namandla angaphezu kuka-2.000 XNUMX MW, ”kusho u-Arroyo etshela i-BBC Mundo.

Izimo ezithandekayo zamandla omoya

Ngabe i-Uruguay yakwazi kanjani ukwehlukanisa ngokuphelele i-matrix yayo yamandla? Izwe linezimo ezinhle kakhulu zamandla omoya, okuhle lokho bamangala ngisho nochwepheshe uqobo.

"Nathi futhi Kusimangazile ngoba siyizwe lapho usizo lwalo luyi-semi-plain, izwe elisicaba kakhulu. Futhi lapho izinyathelo ziqala ngo-2005, sasicabanga ukuthi ezinye izindawo kuphela ezingaba nesimo esihle kulawa mapulazi omoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilinganiso zisivumele sabona ukuthi sinokuzinza okuhle kwemikhawulo yomoya unyaka wonke, ”kusho u-Otegui.

Isivinini somoya siyahlukahluka, ngakho-ke a umshini womoya isebenza ikakhulu ngaphansi kwamandla okuzenzela eyenzelwe yona.

Umoya

Ngakho-ke, inkomba enkulu yokusebenza kahle kwepulazi lomoya yisici somthamo, ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwamandla yakha ngempumelelo esikhathini, futhi lokho obekuzokwenzeka ukube bekusebenza ngokungami kumandla okuzisholo.

«Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni eminingi yobuchwepheshe, kuyafakazelwa ukuthi amapulazi omoya angama-50 MW e-Uruguay afinyelela kumandla aphakathi kuka-40% no-50% wezinhlobo zamandla kagesi. imishini yomoya njenge-V80, G97, V112 nezinye ». Ngokuphambene nalokho, amapulazi omoya ase-US, ngokwesibonelo, asebenza ngo-2014 ngamandla angama-34% ngo-2014, ngokusho kwedatha evela eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-US.

Umoya Uruguay

Hlela iminyaka engama-25

Ngaphandle kwezimo ezinhle, into ebaluleke kakhulu bekungukuhlelwa kwenqubomgomo yamandla yeminyaka engama-25. Uhlelo lwamandla ka-2005-2030 nalo lwavunywa, njengenqubomgomo yoMbuso, yizo zonke izinhlaka osopolitiki abamele iphalamende, into engajwayelekile, kuhlale kunezintshisekelo ezithintekayo.

Ukuhlelwa kwamandla kagesi kweminyaka engama-25 kunikeze uhlaka oluzinzile lwabatshalizimali futhi kwaheha izinkampani ezizimele zomhlaba wonke.

Ngokusho kuka-Otegui, “Alukho uxhaso olunikelwayo”, kodwa amabhidi anokuthi “kube sobala nokuvikeleka kotshalomali”.

«Baqinisekisiwe inani abalinikezile futhi leyo ntengo ilungiswa ipharamitha nayo okuvunyelwene ngayo. Bazi ngokuphelele kusukela lapho kwethulwa imihlahlandlela nokuthi leyo ntengo izolungiswa kanjani futhi cizinkontileka ezingafika eminyakeni engama-20".

Ukufakwa kwe-windmill

Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nesomiso

Ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla kuvumele i-Uruguay ukwanelisa ngaphezu kuka-90% kagesi wayo kusuka amandla avuselelekayo, kufaka phakathi umoya, i-hydroelectric, i-biomass namandla elanga.

I-Uruguay ifinyelele kwenye yezinhloso obekuyizo samanje kusukela ekuqaleni: ukwandisa izikhali zezwe lapho kubhekene nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Abantu base-Uruguay besaba isomiso, ngokusho kwezikhulu ezahlukahlukene: “Besinesiqiniseko sokuthi kufanele sinciphise lokhu kuba sengozini kwesimo sezulu (…). Lapho kwakukhona isomiso esikhuluSibe nokungenisa okukhulu kakhulu kukaphethiloli wokukhiqiza okushisa, konke lokhu kuncishiswe ngokuphelele ngokufakwa kokuvuselelwa.

Amandla omoya manje angagcwalisa ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.

«I-Uruguay inamandla afakiwe we-hydroelectric we-oda le-1500 MW, okusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwa ngokuya ngemithombo yomoya etholakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukugcinwa i-hydropower futhi siyisebenzise kahle, ”kuchaza uMullin.

U-Otegui yena uthe ngokufakwa kwezinto ezizovuseleleka, i-Uruguay ithola "amandla nokuzimela ngaphandle kokungeniswa kukagesi." "Sesivele size iminyaka emibili ilandelana lapho bekungadingeki ukuthi singenise amandla kagesi."

“Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, imvula izoshintsha nezikhathi zonyaka ezomile ziba zinde, zivame kakhulu futhi zibe namandla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthembela emandleni e-hydro ngokuqinisekile ukubheja ku- ukungavikeleki kwamandla«. I-Uruguay, ngokuhlakanipha, ibheja ngokuhlakanipha kokuvuselelwa kabusha


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.