Amandla weTidal noma amandla olwandle

Amandla wamanzi olwandle

Amandla wamaza noma okwaziwa kakhulu ngokwesayensi njengamandla wamanzi yilawo aphumela ekusebenziseni amagagasiokungukuthi, umehluko wobude obuphakathi kwezilwandle ngokuya ngesimo esilinganiselwe soMhlaba neNyanga futhi lokho okuvela ekukhangeni kwamandla adonsela phansi kwalezi zinsuku kanye neLanga ezinhlwini zamanzi ezilwandle.

Ngaleli gama singasho ukuthi ukuhamba kwamanzi, ekhiqizwa ukukhanga kweNyanga kabili ngosuku, kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla.

Le nhlangano iqukethe ukuphakama kolwandle, lapho kwezinye izindawo kungabonakala.

INyanga ilahlekelwa ngamandla, kancane, futhi idala amandla olwandle, okuthi nawo abangele ukuba ibekwe ngomehluko omkhulu futhi omkhulu emhlabeni.

Ukuchithwa okujwayelekile kwamandla ngendlela yamandla olwandle cishe kungu-3,1012 ama-watts, noma cishe izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100.000 XNUMX ngaphansi kwelanga elijwayelekile elitholwe emhlabeni.

Amandla wamaza awathinti nje kuphela izilwandle, akha amagagasi olwandle, kepha nawo futhi kuthinta izinto eziphilayo, kudala izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zebhayoloji eziyingxenye yama-biorhythms emvelo.

Igagasi elikhiqizwa yiNyanga ezilwandle lingaphansi kwemitha elilodwa ukuphakama, kepha kulezo zindawo lapho ukucushwa kwendawo kukhulisa umphumela wamaza, ushintsho lwezinga elikhulu kakhulu lungenzeka.

Lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezingajulile, ezitholakala eshalofini lasezwenikazi futhi yilezi zindawo ezingasetshenziswa ngumuntu ukuthola amandla ngamandla olwandle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla olwandle

Ngokuphikisana nalokho umuntu angakucabanga ngamandla wamanzi, isetshenziswe kudala, eGibhithe lasendulo yayisetshenziswa futhi eYurophu yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ngo-1580, amasondo ama-hydraulic angu-4 aguqukayo afakwa ngaphansi kwamakhothamo eLondon Bridge ukupompa amanzi., eyaqhubeka isebenza kwaze kwaba ngo-1824, futhi kwaze kwaba iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwakukhona izigayo eziningi eYurophu, ezazisebenzisa amandla amaza.

Owokugcina wayeka ukusebenza eDevon, e-UK, ngo-1956.

Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-1945 kube nesasasa elincane emandleni amancane.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla olwandle

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla olwandle esimisweni kulula futhi kulula kakhulu efanayo naleyo yamandla kagesi kagesi.

Noma kunezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, elula kunazo zonke iqukethe idamu, elinamasango nama-hydraulic turbines, atholakala evala itheku lomfula  (umlomo, olwandle, womfula obanzi futhi ojulile, futhi uyashintshana ngalawa manzi anosawoti namanzi ahlanzekile, ngenxa yamagagasi. Umlomo walesi sikebhe sakhiwa yingalo eyodwa ebanzi esesimeni somsele owanwetshiwe), lapho amagagasi anokubaluleka okuthile kokuphakama.

Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi wohlelo kungabonakala ezithombeni ezimbili ezilandelayo.

Uhlelo lwamanzi olwandle nedamu

Ukusebenza kulula kakhulu futhi kuqukethe:

  • Njengoba igagasi likhuphuka, kuthiwa i- igagasi eliphezulu (isimo esiphakeme kakhulu noma ukuphakama okuphezulu kufinyelelwe yigagasi), ngalesi sikhathi amasango avulwa futhi amanzi aqala ukuphendulwa ongena echwebeni.
  • Lapho igagasi eliphakeme lidlula futhi sekukhokhiswe imali eyanele, amasango ayavalwa ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angabuyeli olwandle.
  • Ekugcineni, lapho igagasi eliphansi (isimo esiphansi noma ukuphakama okuphansi kufinyelelwe yigagasi), amanzi akhishwa ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphehla ugesi.

Yonke inqubo yokungena emanzini echwebeni kanye nasekuphumeni, imishini ephehla ugesi ikhiqiza amandla kagesi.

Ama-turbine asetshenzisiwe ngakho-ke kufanele abuyele emuva ukuze zisebenze kahle zombili lapho amanzi engena echwebeni noma ekungeneni kanye nalapho ephuma.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwamagagasi emhlabeni

Njengoba ngike ngaphawula phambilini amagagasi akhuliswa ukumiswa kolwandle kwezinye izindawo ezithile, lapho kungenzeka khona ukusebenzisa amagagasi njengomthombo wamandla, okugcina kuyilokho esikuthandayo.

Izindawo ezivelele kakhulu zokwenza lokhu yilezi:

  • EYurophu, ethekwini laseLa Ranee eFrance, eKislaya Guba eRussia, echwebeni lomfula iSevern e-United Kingdom. Zonke lezi zingosi zinamagagasi aphakeme ngokweqile, ngokukhuphuka nokuwa kwansuku zonke kwamamitha ayi-11 kuye kwayi-16.
  • Uma siya eNingizimu Melika siyabona ukuthi kunamagagasi angaphezu kwamamitha ama-4 ngasogwini lwaseChile nasendaweni eseningizimu ye-Argentina. Igagasi lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-14 ePuerto Gallegos (e-Argentina). Kukhona nezindawo ezifanelekile ngaseBelern naseSao Luiz, eBrazil.
  • ENyakatho Melika, eBaja California, eMexico, enamagagasi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, kukhulunywe ngakho njengesifunda esingasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eCanada, eBay of Fundy, kunamagagasi angaphezu kwamamitha ayi-11.
  • E-Asia, amagagasi aphakeme aqoshwe oLwandle i-Arabia, eBay of Bengal, oLwandle lwaseNingizimu China, ngasogwini lwaseKorea naseLwandle lwase-Okhotsk.
  • Kodwa-ke eRangoon, eBurma, amagagasi afinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme zamamitha angu-5,8. E-Amoy (Szeming, China), kwenzeka amagagasi amamitha angu-4,72. Ukuphakama kwamagagasi eJinsen, eKorea, kudlula amamitha angu-8,77 kanti eBombay, eNdiya, amagagasi afinyelela kumamitha angu-3,65.
  • E-Australia, uhla lwamanzi olwandle lungamamitha angu-5,18 ePort Hedland namamitha angu-5,12 ePort Darwin.
  • Ekugcineni, e-Afrika azikho izindawo ezithandekayo, mhlawumbe izikhungo ezinamandla aphansi zingakhiwa eningizimu yeDakar, eMadagascar naseziQhingini zaseComoro.

Emhlabeni wonke, kunezindawo ezingaba yikhulu ezilungele ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi enkulu, yize kukhona eminye eminingi lapho kungakhiwa khona amaphrojekthi amancane.

Zingasetshenziselwa nokwenza ugesi amagagasi angaphansi kwamamitha ama-3, yize inzuzo yayo ingaphansi kakhulu.

Nokho, ukufakwa kwesiteshi samandla olwandle (ukuze kusebenze) kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezinomehluko okungenani wamamitha ama-5 phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu nalawo aphansi.

Kunamaphuzu ambalwa emhlabeni lapho kwenzeka khona lesi simo. Lezi yizona eziyinhloko:

amagagasi amakhulu

Sekukonke, ingafakelwa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, kumasayithi amakhulu emhlabeni mayelana I-13.000 MW, isibalo esilingana ne- 1% wamandla kagesi kagesi emhlabeni.

Amandla omsinga eSpain

ESpain ukutadishwa kwala mandla kwenziwa ikakhulukazi yi Isikhungo se-Hydraulics se-University of Cantabria, enethangi lokuhlola elikhulu ngokwanele lokucwaninga nokuzama kwalokho okwaziwa njenge ICantabrian Coastal kanye ne-Ocean Basin (ubunjiniyela basolwandle).

Leli thangi elishiwo ngenhla lingamamitha angama-44 ububanzi namamitha angama-30 ubude, ngaleyo ndlela likwazi ukulingisa amagagasi afinyelela kumamitha angama-20 nemimoya engu-150 km / h.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asishiywanga emuva, ngoba ngo-2011 i isitshalo sokuqala samanzi esiseMotrico (IGuipúzcoa).

Ukufaka

Iyunithi yokulawula inayo Ama-turbine ayi-16 akwazi ukukhiqiza ama-600.000 kWh ngonyaka, okungukuthi, lokho abantu abangama-600 abakudlayo ngokwesilinganiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yale ndawo emaphakathi amakhulu amathani e-CO2 ngeke angene emkhathini unyaka nonyaka, kulinganiselwa ukuthi inomphumela wokuhlanzwa ofanayo ongadala i- ihlathi elingamahektha angama-80.

Le phrojekthi ibe nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele okungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-6,7, okucishe kube ngu-2,3 okwakwenzelwe lesi sitshalo kanti okusele komsebenzi owawusethekwini.

Imishini yomoya, ekhiqiza ngayinye cishe i-18,5 KWh, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu angama-4 futhi atholakala egumbini lomshini, phezulu kwe-jetty.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ebakhoselisayo itholakala engxenyeni emaphakathi yedike egobile ene-average yamanzi ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-7 namamitha ayi-100 ubude.

Izinzuzo nobubi bamandla olwandle

Amandla omswakama anezinto eziningi izinzuzo futhi ezinye zazo yilezi:

  • Kungumthombo wamandla ongapheli futhi ivuseleleke.
  • Lona isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinkulu we planethi.
  • Kujwayelekile ngokuphelelekungakhathalekile ukuthi isikhathi sonyaka sini.

Noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo lwamandla lunikeza uchungechunge lwe izithiyo ezinkulu:

  • Okubalulekile usayizi nezindleko kulandela izakhiwo zayo.
  • Isidingo se- amasayithi anesimo sendawo  lokho kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwedamu kalula futhi kungabizi.
  • La ukukhiqizwa ngezikhathi, yize kubikezela, ngamandla.
  • Okungenzeka imiphumela elimazayo kwezemvelo njengokuhlala phansi, ukuncishiswa kwamabhishi asezikhunjini, lapho izinyoni eziningi nezilwane zasolwandle zincike khona, ukwehliswa kwezindawo zokuzalela zezinhlobo zasolwandle kanye nokuqongelela izinsalela ezingcolisa emachwebeni ezinikelwe yimifula.
  • Ukuvinjelwa kokufinyelela emachwebeni etholakala enhla nomfula.

Izithiyo zalolu hlobo lwamandla zenza ukusetshenziswa kwayo kube nempikiswano enkulu, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungenzeka akulula ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile, lapho kutholakala ukuthi imithelela yayo mincane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zayo.


Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

      clement rebich kusho

    Eminyakeni eminingi edlule ngikwazile ukumemeza "Eureka!" (Archimedes) lapho ngezivivinyo zami zasekhaya ngifeza inqubo elula kakhulu ye-EOTRAC, esebenzisa kuphela amandla amakhulu omoya, umthamo omkhulu wamandla angapheli, anqunyelwe kuphela ekumelaneni nezinto. Ngemuva kwalokho ngithole indlela elula kakhulu ye-GEM evumela ukusebenzisa ngokuhlukile amandla angenamkhawulo wokugeleza osebenza ngamakhanda aphezulu (ama-blades) wamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamamitha ayisikwele nomsebenzi ofanayo ugcwalisa i-ebb tide, njalonjalo futhi - futhi ngokuzwakalayo - ngamemeza "Eureka!, Eureka!", ukuze lolu hlamvu oluncane lwesihlabathi lukhiqize amandla ahlanzekile, ngeshwa abanamandla okufudumala komhlaba bathule noma bangibheka njenge "nati". BHEKA izinto ezisungulwe kabusha ngomakhalekhukhwini
    Ngithathe umhlalaphansi olula owazalwa ngo-1938, AKEKHO ONGANGINIKA IBHOLA, ngidinga bonke ndawonye ukuze ngibone, ngiqonde futhi ngiphikisane ngokuthi amandla emvelo ngokwawo angaveza kanjani amandla ahlanzekile ukunciphisa i-GHG nokuvimbela ukushisa komhlaba (umlilo wasemhlabeni) okucekela phansi kakhulu ithuba lokuphila komuntu emhlabeni.