Siyazi ukuba ngaphakathi kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla elanga ngoyena unikela kakhulu. Kwimeko yamancedo amancinci okuzisebenzisa, iSpain iyanda kancinci kancinci. Ngakumbi nangakumbi amakhaya akhethe ukufakelwa kwephaneli ye-photovoltaic kuba zimele ukonga okuhle kwibhili yombane kwaye sinokufumana uxanduva lokusingqongileyo amaxesha afuna njalo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga kunye nayo yonke into enxulumene nazo.
Zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic
Njengoko igama layo libonisa, amandla elanga asebenzisa amandla avela elangeni ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Phakathi kwezibonelelo esinazo zamandla elanga sifumanisa ukuba aziwungcolisi okusingqongileyo, awunamda, nangona kukho izinto ezingalunganga ezifana nokuqhubeka kwawo. Ukuveliswa kwe-Photovoltaic ngokuchanekileyo yipropathi ekufuneka izinto ezithile zikwazi ukuyenza yenza umbane xa uphantsi kwemitha yelanga. Oku kwenzeka xa amandla elanga ekhupha ii-elektroni ezenza ukuhamba kwamandla ombane. Kufuneka sazi ukuba imitha yelanga kukuhamba kweefotoni.
Ukwazi ukuba zisebenza njani iiphaneli zelanga kwaye kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni eyakhiwe kwimodyuli yoluhlu lweeseli ze-photovoltaic. Ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwamanqanaba esilicon apakishwe nge-phosphorus kunye ne-boron. Enkosi kwimitha yelanga evelisa intlawulo yombane, kufana nokubabeka kwimodyuli ukuze Umbane unokuhlengahlengiswa kwinkqubo ye-DC enokusebenziseka. Ngokusebenzisa inverter yangoku kulapho amandla aqhubekekayo aveliswayo kwiphaneli yelanga aguqulwa abe ngamandla atshintshanayo aya kusetyenziswa ekhayeni.
Amandla ngokudibanisa ne-inverter kulapho amandla atshintshanayo akhiwa khona. Khumbula ukuba utshintsha amandla asetyenziswayo emini nosuku. Amandla ombane abonelelwa ngeeseli zelanga ahlala ngokuthe rhoqo kwaye elayini. Nangona kunjalo, inani lombane okhoyo ngoku liya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bemitha yelanga apho iwela khona kwiphaneli yelanga. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kwepaneli yelanga kuxhomekeke ubukhulu becala kukukhanya elikufumanayo. Isiseko esahlukileyo sichaza ngokwexesha losuku, ixesha lonyaka kunye nemozulu yangoku.
Amandla epaneli yelanga
Ukuze siqonde ukuba zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga, kufuneka sazi kakuhle ukuba amandla emodyuli yelanga abalwa njani. Kwaye kukuba xa kulinganiswa amandla, ukusebenza kweepaneli kufuneka kubalwe. Umlinganiselo osetyenzisiweyo kwi Iimodyuli zelanga zenziwa kwii-watts eziphezulu (Wp). Yimilinganiselo esetyenziswa njengesalathiso kwaye yeyona isebenza ukulinganisa ukusebenza kweepaneli ukuze kamva iseke ukuthelekisa phakathi kwazo.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba isixa semitha yelanga esiwela kwiphaneli yelanga siyahluka ngokwexesha losuku nexesha lonyaka. Okwangoku okuvelisiweyo kufuneka kubalwe kusetyenziswa ii-oscillations ezibonakalayo kwaye oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukubala. Asisoloko siza kuvelisa inani elifanayo lamandla, ke sinokwenza uqikelelo olungaphezulu okanye oluncinci. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kusetyenziswa iiwati eziphakamileyo. Bamele ukusebenza okubonelelwe ngamapaneli anikwe imitha yelanga kunye nobushushu obuqhelekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubalulekile xa usayizi ufakelo lwe-photovoltaic ukuhlalutya zingaphi ii-watts eziphezulu Kuya kufuneka zifakelwe ukuze kufumaneke ubuninzi bokuzisebenzisa. Xa ufaka ipaneli yelanga, zonke izinto kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, ezinje ngendawo yejografi, ukuqhelaniswa kophahla kunye ne-engile yayo. Ngale ndlela, zonke ezi datha kufuneka zingeniswe ukuhlalutya ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulindelweyo kwaye kuqikelelwe ubungakanani bofakelo olulungele iimfuno zomntu ngamnye.
Zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga:
Nangona iipaneli zelanga zitshintshile kakhulu ukusukela oko zaqalayo ukwenziwa, namhlanje zenziwe ngezinto eziphambili kakhulu ezenza ukuba zisebenze ngakumbi. Ndiyabulela koku, sinokuphindaphinda ukusebenza kwakho ngokwaneleyo ukuze amandla elanga abekwe njengombane ongomnye, ohlaziyekayo nonenzuzo ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elifutshane nelideokanye. Inkqubo eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwiiseli zelanga iseyimpembelelo echazwe ngu-Einstein ngo-1905.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthelekisa iiphaneli ezisekwe kwisilicon kwaye zinokwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulweni ngokwamaqela: Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zithini iimpawu zoluhlobo ngalunye lweepaneli zelanga:
- Iipaneli ze-Amorphous: zisetyenzisiwe kancinci nangaphantsi kuba azinasakhiwo sichaziweyo kwaye baphulukana nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiinyanga zokuqala zokusebenza.
- Iiphaneli zepolycrystalline: Zenziwe ziikristale zoqhelwaniso ezahlukeneyo kwaye zahlukile ngokuba nombala oluhlaza. Inkqubo yokuvelisa inethuba lokungabizi kodwa kunengxaki yokuba yimveliso engasebenzi kakuhle.
- Iiphaneli zemonocrystalline: zithathwa njengeyona mveliso ikumgangatho ophezulu. Apha iiseli zenza iphaneli kwaye zenziwa yikristale enye yokucoceka okuphezulu kwesilicon eqiniswe kubushushu obufanayo. Ndiyabulela kolu lwakhiwo, banentsebenzo ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwaye bavumela ii-elektronon ukuba zihambe ngokukhululeka. Nangona inkqubo yokuvelisa ibiza kakhulu, inika iimodyuli ukusebenza ngokukuko.
Izinto eziluncedo zeepleyiti zeemonocrystalline
Bona zezona zicetyiswayo ekubeni ezangaphambili ziphantse zaphelelwa lixesha. Olunye uncedo olukhoyo ngee-polycrystallines lixabiso elisezantsi. IiMonocrystallines zinethuba lokuba nazo ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okungaphantsi kwelanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle akulahlekanga nokuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo azithandeki kangako.
Unethemba lokuba ngolu lwazi banokufunda okungakumbi malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo iiphaneli zelanga kunye nayo yonke into eyenzayo.