Ngokuqinisekileyo ukhe wayiva le ngcamango ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abazi yintoni uqoqosho lwesetyhula. IPalamente yaseYurophu ifuna ukwamkela uqoqosho lwesetyhula ukwenzela ukuba izinto eziluhlaza zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inani lenkunkuma eyenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo liyancipha. Kufuneka wazi ukuba uqoqosho lwethu olusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni aluzinziswanga kwixesha elide.
Ngoko ke, siza kukuxelela kweli nqaku ukuba yintoni uqoqosho lwesetyhula, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani.
Imeko yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-EU
I-EU ivelisa ngaphezulu kwe-2500 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zenkunkuma minyaka le. Ii-arhente zoluntu zisebenza nzima ukulungisa isakhelo sowiso-mthetho ukukhuthaza inguqu ukusuka kuhlobo lwangoku lolawulo lwenkunkuma ukuya 'kuqoqosho olujikelezayo' lokwenyani.
Ngo-Matshi 2020, phantsi kwe-European Green Deal, njengenxalenye yesicwangciso esitsha soshishino esicetywayo, iKomishoni yaseYurophu iphakamise isicwangciso esitsha soqoqosho lwesetyhula, esibandakanya ukuyila iimveliso ezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuxhobisa abemi. (njengelungelo " lokulungisa "). Ingqwalasela eyodwa ihlawulwa kumashishini asebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo ezifana ne-electronics ne-ICT, iiplastiki, amalaphu okanye ulwakhiwo.
NgoFebruwari ka-2021, iPalamente yavotela kwiSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSetyhula yezoQoqosho kwaye yacela amanye amanyathelo okuphumeza. uqoqosho olusetyhula ngokupheleleyo, oluzinzileyo, olungenatyhefu nolungenayo icarbon ngowama-2050. Oku kufuneka kuquke imithetho engqongqo yokurisayikilisha kunye neethagethi ezibophelelayo zokunciphisa unyawo lwendalo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa ngo-2030.
Yintoni uqoqosho lwesetyhula
Ejongene neengxaki zokuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ingcamango yoqoqosho lwesetyhula yazalwa. Uqoqosho lwesetyhula luyimveliso kunye nemodeli yokusetyenziswa ebandakanya ukwabelana, ukurenta, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukulungisa, ukuhlaziya kunye nokuhlaziya izinto ezikhoyo kunye neemveliso kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukudala ixabiso elongezelelweyo. Oku kwandisa umjikelo wobomi bemveliso.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukunciphisa inkcitho. Xa imveliso ifikelela kubomi bayo obuluncedo, izixhobo zakho ziya kuhlala kuqoqosho ixesha elide. Ezi zinokubakho sebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo nangempumelelo ukwenza ixabiso elongezelelweyo. Ichasene nemodeli yezoqoqosho elungelelanisiweyo esekelwe ikakhulu kwingqikelelo 'yokulahla', efuna isixa esikhulu semathiriyeli efikelelekayo kunye namandla angabizi kakhulu. Izicwangciso eziphelelwe lixesha zePalamente yaseYurophu ezifuna isenzo nazo ziyinxalenye yale modeli.
Kuyimfuneko ukutshintshela kuqoqosho lwesetyhula
Esinye sezizathu zokutshintshela kuqoqosho lwesetyhula kukunyuka kwemfuno yemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokunqaba kwemithombo yobutyebi. Iqela lezinto ezikrwada ezibalulekileyo zilinganiselwe, kwaye njengoko abantu behlabathi besanda, kukwanjalo nemfuno.
Esinye isizathu kukuxhomekeka kwamanye amazwe: amanye amazwe e-EU axhomekeke kwamanye amazwe ngezinto zawo eziluhlaza. Impembelelo kwimozulu yenye into. Ukukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2)., kunye nokusetyenziswa ngobukrelekrele bezinto ezikrwada kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliso.
Amanyathelo afana nothintelo lwenkunkuma, uyilo lwe-eco kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunokongela iinkampani ze-EU imali ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yobushushu bonyaka. Okwangoku, ukuveliswa kwezinto esizisebenzisayo imihla ngemihla kubonisa i-45% ye-carbon dioxide ekhutshwayo.
Ukutshintshela kuqoqosho olusetyhula ngakumbi kunokuvelisa izibonelelo ezinjengokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwe unikezelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuvuselela ukukhuphisana, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukukhula koqoqosho (0,5% ye-GDP) kunye nengqesho (eza kudala imisebenzi emalunga nama-700.000). Kuphela kwi-EU ngo-2030).
Inokubonelela abathengi ngeemveliso ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezintsha, ngaloo ndlela zonga imali kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi; Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ifowuni ephathwayo ilula ukuyichitha, iindleko zokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona zinokunqunyulwa ngesiqingatha.
Ukususela kwi-3R ukuya kwi-7R
I-3R eyaziwayo -Nciphisa, Sebenzisa kwakhona kwaye uphinde usebenzise-ukunciphisa impembelelo kunye nokugcina izixhobo kunye namandla. Kodwa kutheni ungenzi imveliso igcineke ngakumbi kuyilo ngokwayo? Okanye kutheni ungazilungisi endaweni yokuthenga ezintsha? Uqoqosho lwesetyhula luzisa ezinye iikhonsepthi ezifana ne-eco-design kunye nokubuyiselwa kwikhonkco, ukwandisa ezi 3Rs ukuya kwi-7Rs. Makhe sibone nzulu ukuba zithini ezi 7Rs:
- Yila ngokutsha: Bandakanya okusingqongileyo kuyilo lwemveliso, oko kukuthi, ngokusekelwe kwi-eco-design. Ngale ndlela, kungekhona kuphela umsebenzi wemveliso onenzuzo kwimveliso, kodwa kunye nokuzinza.
- Ukunciphisa: Sidla kakhulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, kufuneka sinciphise isixa seemveliso esizisebenzisayo kunye nobungakanani benkunkuma esiyivelisayo.
- Phinda usebenzise: Injongo yayo kukwandisa ubomi obuluncedo beemveliso kunye nokuphinda uzisebenzise ngokuzinika ubomi obutsha ngesandla okanye nge-DIY. Kwi-Intanethi, uya kufumana amawaka eembono ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na imveliso.
- Ukulungisa: Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa imveliso ingaphumeleli, sikholisa ukuthenga entsha ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukhetho lokuyilungisa. Kodwa ukulungiswa kudla ngokungabizi kakhulu kwaye kuhlala kubhetele kokusingqongileyo. Gcina imathiriyeli ekrwada, amandla kwaye unciphise inkcitho!
- Hlaziya: Kumalunga nokuhlaziya zonke ezi zinto zindala ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngenjongo yokuzidala.
- Fumana kwakhona: Oku kubandakanya ukuqokelela izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokuzibuyisela kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
- Phinda usebenzise: ukubuyisela kwakhona inkunkuma ethe yasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukuba ibe yimathiriyeli ekrwada yezinye iimveliso ezintsha. Emva kokuzama zonke iindlela ezingentla, kufuneka ibe yindlela yokugqibela. Kuba khumbula, eyona nkunkuma ingcono yinkunkuma engaveliswanga!
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni uqoqosho lwesetyhula, zeziphi iimpawu zalo kunye nokubaluleka kwalo kwihlabathi namhlanje.
Molo, uqoqosho lwesetyhula, ijongana imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ukusuka «umbono olubanzi, kwi 360º ukusuka umsebenzi othile: extrative, ezolimo, idolophu, ishishini, zaselwandle, njalo njalo kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkqubo yayo enxulumene causalities zangaphandle kunye neziphumo yesibini okanye izibambiso ukuba ivelisa kwindawo yayo esondeleyo kunye nekude, iziphumo ezinokuqikelelwa kwaye ziphathwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokwempembelelo eveliswayo, kwindalo yonke yezinto ezithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kwimeko. Isekwe kwimigaqo egcweleyo kunye nedibeneyo yokuqonda ubunyani, izinto zayo ezijongwayo ngaphakathi kweenkqubo kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nezinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka, ezisinika umbono othembekileyo wenyani kunye namandla ayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukodlula imodeli yovavanyo yohlalutyo, eyenza kunokwenzeka uphuhliso olukhulu lwetekhnoloji yehlabathi langoku, ukusuka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukuya kuthi ga namhlanje, kodwa akwanelanga ukujongana neengxaki ezinzima, ngokukodwa iingxaki zehlabathi, zombini intlalo, indalo kunye nenkcubeko, equka, ukuchaza uJose Ortega y Gasset: «Umxholo ixesha lethu"