Izinto eziphilayo zitya ngokulandela ikhonkco lokutya elisekwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo apho izinto eziphilayo zitya ezinye zityiwa. Isiseko sekhonkco kwityathanga lokutya elwandle yiplankton. Abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni iplankton okanye ukubaluleka kwayo. Kukuqala kwetyathanga lokutya kwaye kwenziwe ngezinto ezincinci kakhulu ezinokukwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesisi. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukutya njengokutya kwezinto ezininzi eziphila elwandle. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwendalo kunye nobomi baselwandle.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni iplankton, ukubaluleka kwayo kunye neempawu zayo.
Yintoni iplankton
IPlankton yiyo iqela lezidalwa ezidadayo ekuhambeni kwemisinga yolwandle. Igama plankton lithetha ukubhadula okanye ukuhambahamba. Eli qela lezidalwa lahluke kakhulu, lahlukile kwaye lineendawo zokuhlala zombini amanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi olwandle. Kwezinye iindawo, banokufikelela kugxininiso ukuya kuthi ga kwiibhiliyoni zabantu kunye nokwanda kwiilwandle ezibandayo. Kwezinye iinkqubo ezimileyo, ezinje ngamachibi, amachibi okanye izikhongozeli ezinamanzi amileyo, sinokufumana iplankton.
Kuxhomekeke kukutya kwakho kunye nohlobo lwefom, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeplankton. Sizahlula phakathi kwabo:
- Phytoplankton: Yiplantton yesityalo imisebenzi yayo ifana ncam naleyo yezityalo kuba ifumana amandla kunye nezinto eziphilayo ngephotosynthesis. Inokuhlala kumaleko wamanzi ahambisa ukukhanya, oko kukuthi, kwinxalenye yolwandle okanye emanzini apho ifumana ilanga ngqo. Inokubakho kubunzulu obumalunga neemitha ezingama-200, apho inani lokukhanya kwelanga lingaphantsi kwaye lingaphantsi. Le phytoplankton ibunjwe ikakhulu yi-cyanobacteria, diatoms, kunye nee-dinoflagellates.
- Zooplankton: yiploplton eyondla iphytoplankton kunye nezinye izinto ezikwiqela elinye. Yenziwe ikakhulu zii-crustaceans, jellyfish, imibungu yeentlanzi, kunye nezinye izidalwa ezincinci. Ezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukwahluka ngokwexesha lobomi. Kukho izinto eziphilayo eziyinxalenye yeplankton kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi kwaye zibizwa ngokuba ziiholoplanktons. Kwelinye icala, ezo ziyinxalenye kuphela ye-zooplankton ngexesha lexesha ebomini babo (ngesiqhelo xa kwinqanaba labo lobungu) zaziwa ngegama le-meroplankton.
- Plankton bacteria: Luhlobo lweplankton olwenziwe luluntu lwebacteria. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukwaphula inkunkuma kunye nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelo we-biogeochemical wekhabhoni, initrogen, ioksijini, iphosphorus kunye nezinye izinto. Iyangeniswa ngokutya.
- Iintsholongwane zePlanktonic: ziintsholongwane zasemanzini. Ziqulathe ikakhulu intsholongwane ye-bacteriophage kunye nolunye ulwelwe lweeukaryotic. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukukhumbula kwakhona izondlo kumjikelo we-biogeochemical kwaye uyinxalenye yetyathanga lezondlo.
Iindidi zeplankton
Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zeplankton zinobukhulu obuncinci. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukubona ngamehlo. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bezinto eziphilayo buphakathi kwe-60 microns kunye ne-millimeter. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeplankton ezinokubakho emanzini zezi zilandelayo:
- I-Ultraplankton: Zilinganisa malunga ne-5 microns. Zizona zincinci zincinci, kubandakanywa ibhaktheriya kunye neeflegellates ezincinci. AmaFlagellates zezi zidalwa zineeflagella.
- INanoplankton: Zilinganisa phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-60 yeemitha kwaye zenziwe ngee-unicellular microalgae, ezinje ngeediatom ezincinci kunye necoccolithophores.
- Microplankton: Mikhulu, ifikelela phakathi kwe-60 microns kunye ne-1 mm. Apha sifumana i-unicellular microalgae, mollusk larvae kunye neepopepods.
- Iplankton ephakathi: iliso lomntu liyazibona izidalwa ezikubukhulu obu. Inobungakanani obuphakathi ko-1 no-5 mm kwaye yenziwe ngemibungu yeentlanzi.
- Iplankton enkulu: phakathi kwe-5 mm kunye ne-10 cm ngokobukhulu. Apha kwafika i-sargasso, i-salps kunye ne-jellyfish.
- Iplankton enkulu: izidalwa ngaphezulu kwe-10 cm ngokobukhulu. Sinejellyfish apha.
Zonke izinto ezikhoyo kwiplankton zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemizimba kwaye ziyaphendula kwiimfuno zendalo ezihlala kuyo. Enye yezi mfuno zomzimba kukuntywila okanye ukubonakala kwamanzi. Kubo, imeko-bume yaselwandle ine-viscous kwaye kuyimfuneko ukoyisa ukuxhathisa ukuhamba emanzini.
Zininzi izicwangciso kunye namanyathelo okulungisa ukukhuthaza amanzi adadayo anokunyusa amathuba okusinda. Ukonyusa umphezulu womzimba, ukongeza amathontsi amafutha kwi-cytoplasm, ukuqhushumba, ukuphalaza kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo zizicwangciso-qhinga ezahlukeneyo kunye nolungelelwaniso ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle kunye namanzi amatsha. Kukho ezinye izidalwa ezinakho ukubhukuda okuhle, enkosi kwiflagella kunye nezinye izixhobo zeloliwe, njengoko kunjalo ngeepopepods.
I-viscosity yokutshintsha kwamanzi ngobushushu. Nangona singazibonakalisi ngamehlo, iintsholongwane ziyakuqaphela oko. Kumanzi afudumeleyo, i-viscosity yamanzi iphantsi. Oku kuchaphazela ukuqaqamba komntu. Ngesi sizathu, ii-diatoms zenze i-cyclomorphosis, enesakhono sokwenza imilo eyahlukeneyo ehlotyeni nasebusika ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho kumnqweno wamanzi aneqondo lobushushu.
Ukubaluleka kobomi
Abantu bahlala besithi iplankton yinto ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala elwandle. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuxhomekeke kwityathanga lokutya. Indawo yokutya phakathi kwabavelisi, abathengi kunye nokubola iyasekwa kwi-biome. I-Phytoplankton inokuguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla anokusetyenziswa ngabathengi kunye nokubola.
I-Phytoplankton isetyenziswa yi-zooplankton, ethi yona ityiwe zizilwanyana ezitya inyama kunye ne-omnivores. Ezi ngamarhamncwa ezinye izidalwa kunye nokubola kuginya into efileyo. Le yindlela yonke ikhonkco lokutya elenziwa kwindawo ezihlala emanzini.
I-Phytoplankton ifunxa isixa esikhulu sekhabhon dayoksayidi nge-photosynthesis kwaye inegalelo phantse kwi-50% yeoksijini esiyiphefumlayo emoyeni. Iplankton efileyo ivelisa umaleko wentlenga, yakuba yenziwe ifossilis, ivelisa ioyile efunwayo.
Njengoko ubona, ngamanye amaxesha eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu incinci kakhulu ngobukhulu. Kule meko, iplankton sisiseko sokutya kwendalo yaselwandle. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neplankton, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.