Phakathi kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla esinayo kwikhaya yigesi yendalo. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni igesi yendalo, apho ikhutshwa khona kwaye iguqulwa njani ibe amandla. Irhasi yendalo yi-fossil fuel leyo, njengamalahle okanye i-oyile, yenziwe ngee-hydrocarbons, umxube weeathom ze-carbon kunye ne-hydrogen. Uphando oluntsonkothileyo lwejoloji kunye nolwasemzimbeni lwenze ukuba kufumaneke kwaye kusetyenziswe iidipozithi zerhasi eveliswe ngaphantsi komhlaba ngamakhulu amawaka eminyaka yokusebenza kwebhaktiriya.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni igesi yendalo, ziphi iimpawu zayo, apho ivela khona kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni.
Yintoni igesi yendalo
I-Methane (CH4) iyona nxalenye ephambili yegesi yendalo, nangona iqulethe nezinye ii-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo kumlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu, njenge-ethane (C2H6), i-propane (C3H8), i-butane (C4H10) okanye i-pentane (C5H12). Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwi-85% exutywe ne-10% ye-ethane, i-3% yepropane, i-0,1% ye-butane kunye ne-0,7% ye-nitrogen. Zonke zineendawo zokubilisa eziphantsi kakhulu, ezingaphantsi kwe -158,9 ° C kwimeko yemethane. Ngelixa ii-hydrocarbons ezine-5-10 zeathom zekhabhoni zilulwelo kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo, ezi hydrocarbons ezinobunzima bemolekyuli (ngaphantsi kwe-5 athom yekhabhoni) zikwimo yerhasi okanye umphunga.
Ukukhupha amandla aqulethwe kwi-CH, inkqubo yokutshisa kufuneka iqhutywe. ukutsha ngu I-oxidative (exothermic) reaction of a fuel (gas) with another oxidant (air) ebizwa ngokuba yioxidizer. Olu tshintsho luhamba kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu, into enokuthi ibonwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamalangatye okwenza umthombo wokukhanya nobushushu. Ukuze ukutsha kwenzeke, i-fuel kunye ne-oxidant kufuneka idibane nomlinganiselo ochanekileyo, kwaye umxube kufuneka ube kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kokushisa kwayo.
Ukuthatha umoya njengesalathiso, ukuxinana kwegesi yendalo ukusuka kwi-0,6 ukuya kwi-0,66, oko kukuthi, ingaphantsi okanye inzima kunomoya. Ixabiso layo le-calorific, okanye ukushisa okukhutshwe kwiyunithi yomthamo wokutsha okupheleleyo, ukusuka kwi-6,6 ukuya kwi-12 te / m3.
Yenzelwe ntoni
Irhasi yendalo ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ekukhanyiseni izixeko ngeenkqubo zokukhanyisa igesi yoluntu. Kamva, ngokufika kombane, oku kusetyenziswa kwanyamalala, nangona ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendalo akuzange kufumane ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo. Ngaloo ndlela, phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwamva nje kwegesi yendalo, sifumana oku kulandelayo.
Irhasi yendalo iye yaba yipetroli enye, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvelisa amandla ombane kwizityalo ezinamandla kakhulu, ukusebenza kweebhoyila zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino, kunye nezothutho, kuba namhlanje zinokusetyenziswa njengamafutha ezithuthi, ezinjengeemoto. okanye iibhasi.
Kwi-2008, iSpain idle i-450.726 GWh yegesi yendalo, i-10,1% ngaphezu konyaka odlulileyo. Ngo-2008, irhasi yendalo yenza i-24% yamandla aphambili eSpain. Kakade ngo-1985, eli nani laliyi-2% kuphela, ebonisa ukukhula kunye nokubaluleka kwalo mthombo wamandla eSpain, kungekhona nje kwindawo yokusingqongileyo, kodwa kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ekukhuphisaneni kweenkampani zaseSpain.
Ngengqiqo ebanzi, kunokuthiwa igesi yendalo inokusetyenziswa okufanayo namalahle, ngokukodwa izinto eziphuma kwioli, kuba i-fuel fuel, kwaye ngokuyitshisa amandla anokufunyanwa anokusetyenziswa kwiimfuno zabantu.
Irhasi yendalo iyichaphazela njani imeko-bume?
Irhasi yendalo sisibaso esonwabela igama elihle, nangona ingumthombo wefosili kunye namandla angcolisayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa itshisiwe ikhuphela igesi ye-greenhouse, i-CO2, emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, idumela layo elihle livela kwinto yokuba ngexesha lokutsha, igesi ikhutshwa emoyeni ngamanani amancinci xa kuthelekiswa neegesi ezivela kwioli kunye namalahle. Ukongezelela, esinye isizathu esibangela ukuba yahluke kula mafutha kukuba ayikhuphi i<em>sulfur dioxide, enye yeegesi ezingcolisa umoya ojikeleze idolophu kunye noonobangela abaphambili bemvula eneasidi.
Oku kuye kwakhokelela, kwabanye, ukuba bagqalwe njengamandla enguqu. Ngamanye amazwi, umthombo wamandla othi, nangona ungcoliseke kakhulu, unempembelelo encinci kokusingqongileyo, inokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-oyile ukuya kumalahle njengomthombo wamandla de amandla acocekileyo aphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kufuneka kucace ukuba i-gesi yendalo yi-fuel fuel, oku kuthetha ukuba i-fuel engcolisayo, engahlaziywayo, nokuba ingasetyenziselwa njengomthombo wamandla wenguqu. Funda ngakumbi ngesi sihloko kwelinye inqaku le-Green Ecology malunga nokuba kutheni igesi yendalo ingengomthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo.
Kwelinye icala, ngoxa igesi yendalo ikhupha ikharbon diokside encinane emoyeni xa itshisiwe, kuqhelekile ukuba inxalenye enkulu yegesi yendalo ikhutshelwe emoyeni xa itsalwa. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni komthamo we-methane emoyeni, enye igesi enkulu yegreenhouse enegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nekharbon diokside. Ngamanye amazwi, nangona ingumthombo wamandla angangcolisi kangako kune-oyile kunye namalahle, ayingomthombo wamandla acocekileyo, kwaye ayingomthombo wamandla onempembelelo yendalo, njengoko ezinye iinkampani eziyithengisayo zinokufuna ukuba sikholelwe. .
Oko kuthethiweyo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngumthombo wamandla, nangona ungekho kwimeko engqongileyo, awunabungozi kangako kwiplanethi kunezinye iifosili. Ngale ndlela, nangona ingeyona ndlela ilungileyo esinokuyikhetha, de kube utshintsho lwamandla olusekwe kumandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo aluphunyezwanga ngokupheleleyo, kunokunciphisa ngokusebenzayo ifuthe lamanye amafutha efosili kwiplanethi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni igesi yendalo kunye neziphi iimpawu zayo.