Xa sithetha ngeendawo zokuhlala zendalo kufuneka sifunde yintoni i-ecosystems. Ii-ecosystems zineempawu zazo ezizodwa kwaye ziphuhla ngokuxhomekeke kwimo engqongileyo. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zinokukhula ukuze zikwazi ukuhlala kwindawo engqongileyo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ikhosistim kwaye nganye kuzo ineempawu ezizodwa.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi i-ecosystems, zeziphi iimpawu zazo kunye neentlobo ezikhoyo.
Yintoni i-ikhosistim
Onke amacandelo ayinxalenye ye-ikhosistim akwi-balance balance, ekhokelela kwimvisiswano. Zombini izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo zinemisebenzi, kwaye akukho nto "engasebenzisiyo" kwindawo yendalo. Sinokuqwalasela izinambuzane ezithile ezicaphukisayo "ezingenamsebenzi". Kodwa nangona kunjalo, zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo zinegalelo kubomi kunye nomsebenzi wokusingqongileyo.
Kwakhona, ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, ulungelelwaniso lwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo zenza uMhlaba ngendlela esiwazi ngayo namhlanje. Inzululwazi inoxanduva lokufunda yonke imiba eyenza i-ecosystem, nokuba yendalo okanye ngumntu. Ngenxa yokuba umntu uye walawula uninzi lommandla, intshayelelo yakhe kwizifundo ze-ecosystem yinto ebalulekileyo eguquguqukayo.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ecosystems ezahlukileyo kwimvelaphi yazo kunye neentlobo zemigangatho kunye neentlobo ezihlala kuzo. Inkalo nganye eyahlukileyo iyenza ibe yodwa kwaye yodwa. Sinokufumana izinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni, zaselwandle, ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye neentlobo ezingapheliyo.
Kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-ikhosistim, iintlobo ezithile zongamela, kwaye ziye zaphumelela ngakumbi ngokuzivelela kwezinto, kwaye ke ngoko zinolawulo olungcono kumanani kunye nemimandla malunga nendlela ezisinda ngayo kwaye zande.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Inokuthatyathelwa ekubunjweni komhlaba uninzi lwe-ecosystems Zisemanzini kuba umhlaba wenziwe ngamanzi ayi-3/4. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi ezinye iindidi ze-ikhosistim yasemhlabeni eneentlobo ezininzi. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo ze-ecosystems zaziwa ngabantu kuba azikude kumaziko asezidolophini.
Umntu uzame ukwenza amakholoni kuyo yonke imimandla enokubakho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yonakalise indawo engqongileyo engenakubalwa.. Kusenokubakho umhlaba onyulu emhlabeni wonke, kuba siphawule iplanethi.
Kwi-ikhosistim, sifumanisa ukuba imiba emibini ebalulekileyo kufuneka iqwalaselwe. Eyokuqala yimiba yezinto eziphilayo. Njengoko negama libonisa, zezo I-ecosystem engaphiliyo yenza lonke unxulumano phakathi kwe-ecosystem lugqibelele. Njengezinto ze-abiotic sinokufumana i-geology kunye ne-topography yomhlaba, uhlobo lomhlaba, amanzi kunye nemozulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sifumana izinto ze-biotic. La ngamacandelo anobomi njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, izilwanyana, iibhaktheriya, umngundo, iintsholongwane kunye neprotozoa. Zonke ezi zinto zithungelana ngokweemfuno zemo engqongileyo kunye nokona kulungileyo ukuze ubomi bunabe kwizigidi zeminyaka. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-ecological balance. Unxulumano olukhoyo phakathi kwecandelo ngalinye, nokuba i-abiotic okanye i-biotic, ye-ecosystem inokulingana ukuze yonke into ihambelane.
Ukuba ibhalansi ye-ikholoji ye-ecosystem iphazamisekile, iya kuphulukana neempawu zayo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuthoba isidima. Umzekelo, ngosulelo.
Iindidi zezinto eziphilayo
Nje ukuba sifunde ukuba yintoni i-ecosystems kunye neempawu zazo, siza kubona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo:
Indalo yendalo
Ziyinto eye yaphuhliswa yindalo kumawaka eminyaka. Zinemihlaba emikhulu kuba zisemhlabeni kunye nasemanzini. kwezi zixokelelwano zendalo asisicingeli isandla somntu, ngoko ke sishiya ukuguqulwa kwayo okwenziweyo kwezinye iindidi ze-ecosystems.
i-ecosystem eyenziweyo
Ezi zidalwa yimisebenzi yabantu. ezi ndawo azinayo imiphezulu edalwe ngokwendalo kwaye ubukhulu becala zidalwe ukuba zizuze kwikhonkco lokutya. Izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ziye zayiguqula inkqubo yendalo ephilayo, ngoko kuzanywa ukubuyisela oko kufane kubizwe ngokuba lulungelelwano lwendalo ukuze lubuyiselwe ngaphambi kokuba luphephe.
Ehlabathini
Zezo biomes ezenza kuphela kwaye ziphuhlise kwi umhlaba kunye nomhlaba ongaphantsi. Zonke iimpawu zokusingqongileyo zinemiba elawulayo nezixhomekeke kuyo ezifana nokufuma, ukuphakama, ubushushu kunye nobubanzi.
Sifumana amahlathi, omileyo, amahlathi ashinyeneyo namahlathi. Sikwanazo nemekobume zasentlango.
Amanzi amatsha
Nazi zonke iindawo ezinamachibi kunye nemilambo. Kwakhona sinokuyithathela ingqalelo into yokuba sinendawo yokuphumla. Eyangaphambili yiloo mijelo okanye imithombo leyo benza i-microhabitats ngenxa yemisinga ekhoyo engekhoyo. Kwelinye icala, i-lentic ziindawo ezinamanzi apho kungekho misinga. Basenokuthiwa ngamanzi amileyo.
Izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle
Izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle zezona zixhaphakileyo emhlabeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba zonke izinto eziphilayo kwesi sijikelezi-langa zaqala ukukhula kwiilwandlekazi. Ithathwa njengenye yezona ntlobo zizinzile ze-ikhosistim ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwawo onke amacandelo ayiqambayo. Yintoni egqithisile, Kuthatha indawo enkulu ngokumangalisayo enokutshatyalaliswa ngesandla.
Nangona kunjalo, iilwandle zehlabathi zithwaxwa zizenzo ezimandundu zabantu kunye neempembelelo ezimbi, ezinje ngongcoliseko lwamanzi, ukuchitheka okunetyhefu, ukwenza i-coral reef bleaching nokunye.
Yentaba
Ekubeni imvula iphantsi kakhulu entlango, kunjalo nangezityalo nezilwanyana. Izinto eziphilayo kwezi ndawo zinamandla amakhulu okuphila ngenxa yamawaka eminyaka yokuziqhelanisa. Kule meko, ekubeni ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo buncinci, zizimiselo, ngoko ke ulungelelwaniso lwendalo aluyi kuguqulwa. Ke, xa uhlobo oluthile luchaphazeleka kanobom lulo naluphi na uhlobo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo, sizifumana sineziphumo ezibi kakhulu zokubambisa.
Kwaye, ukuba uhlobo olunye luqala ukunciphisa kakhulu amanani alo, siya kufumana ezinye ezininzi zisengozini. Kwezi ndawo zokuhlala zendalo sifumana iintyatyambo eziqhelekileyo ezifana necacti kunye nezihlahlana ezinamagqabi amahle. Izilwanyana ziquka izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezincinci neziphakathi. Ezi ziintlobo ezikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nezi ndawo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-ecosystems kunye nokuba zeziphi iimpawu zabo eziphambili.