Amaxesha amaninzi xa sithetha ngokuchuma komhlaba, nokuba ngamahlathi okanye ziigadi, sithetha ngehumus. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni humus nokuba ibaluleke kangakanani kumhlaba nezityalo. I-Humus ayikho enye into ngaphandle komgquba ovelisa ngokwendalo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba kwimeko yawo yentsusa. Ifumaneka ngexabiso elincinci kodwa isondlo kakhulu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ihumus, zithini iimpawu zayo kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani kwizityalo nomhlaba.
Yintoni humus
I-Humus isichumiso semvelo esivela ngokwendalo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba kwimeko yalo yendalo. Incinci kakhulu ubuninzi kwaye ityebile kwizondlo. Umzekelo, ehlathini, Umxholo we-humus emhlabeni yi-5%, ngelixa umxholo we-humus elunxwemeni yi-1% kuphela.
Yahlukile kumgquba nomgquba kuba ukwinkqubo yokubola ebephambili ngakumbi phantsi kwesenzo sefungi kunye neebhaktiriya: inombala omnyama ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni. Xa ihumus ibola, ibonelela nge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium kunye ne-magnesium emhlabeni nakwizityalo. Yeyona nkqubo inesondlo yokubola emhlabeni.
Enye yeendlela ezilula zokufaka ihumus emhlabeni ziintshulube zomhlaba onokuziqokelela kwigadi yakho. Le ndle yebacteria ivelisa inkqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuyilwa kwe-humus yemifuno.
Izibonelelo zehumus zomhlaba
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezinazo i-humus xa ikho emhlabeni:
- Inceda ukugcina amanzi kunye nokulungisa. Kukulungele ukuba imihlaba emininzi ikwazi ukugcina amanzi ukuba ufuna ukulima izityalo. Umhlaba onesixa esifanelekileyo sinye unokunceda ekucoceni amanzi emvula kakuhle ukuze angaqokeleli kwaye aphele sele edada. Ke ngoko, kwicandelo lezolimo kunye nasegadini kuyathakazelisa ukuba umhlaba ucebile kwi-humus.
- Ihlala inika ukungqinelana kwimihlaba ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Umzekelo, kumhlaba oyisanti usebenza ukudibanisa umhlaba. Kwelinye icala, kwimihlaba emininzi yodongwe inefuthe lokusasazeka.
- Enkosi ngobukho beli khompawundi, izityalo ezininzi zinokuba nendawo enkulu ngexesha lokufaka izakhamzimba ngeengcambu.
- Inokulawula ukutya kwezityalo kwaye yenze intsimi ichume ngokulula.
- Yenza umhlaba uchume ngakumbi ke ngoko, uyatyeba kwizityalo.
- Ukuba usebenzisa izichumisi ezimbiwa kwisitiya esifanayo nakwezolimo, ubukho behumus emhlabeni bunceda ekuhlanganiseni izichumisi.
I-humus yomhlaba
Imisundululu yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuchuma komhlaba. Bambalwa abantu abazaziyo izibonelelo zoku kuba abaneli nje kukuginya into efumanekayo, kodwa baneminye imisebenzi emininzi. Babuyisa izinto eziphilayo ngendlela ebolile ngokupheleleyo bancede ukungxengxeza kwizimbiwa ezithile kwaye baziguqulele ekubeni ngumhlaba otyebileyo otyebileyo onokufunxwa zizityalo. Yintoni egqithisile, Baxuba izinto ezithile zezityalo nezinye izinto ezikwiindawo ezinzulu zomhlaba ongaphantsi, othanda ukulinganisela phakathi kodongwe namanzi.
Iziphumo zale nkqubo ngumhlaba onobume obukhulu kunye nesiponji, othanda umoya kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Olunye lweempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zemisundululu kunye esona sizathu sobukho bezinongo ezininzi kwi-humus lilindle layoKungenxa yokuba enkosi kubo i-humus iqulethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-magnesium kunye ne-calcium engaphezulu komhlaba.
Izibonelelo zokuphosa iintshulube
I-humus yomhlaba ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zingaphantsi zemihlaba ebonakalisiweyo kulimo lwemifuno, izityalo ezinevumba elimnandi kunye neziqhamo zeziqhamo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezinokufunyanwa ekusebenziseni iintshulube:
- Kuququzelela ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokufunxwa kwezakha mzimba ezinje nge i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium kunye nezinye, ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu we-microbial.
- Kuyacetyiswa kakhulu kwezo zityalo zifuna ukufakelwa kuba kuthintela izifo kwaye kuthintela ukwenzakala. Kuyanceda ukuququzelela ukukhula kweengcambu. Kwizityalo ezifuna amanzi kancinci, iyanceda ukuthintela ukomisa.
- Ihumus inika amandla kwizityalo ngenxa yento yokuba iyanceda ekukhuleni kwaye yenza ukuba izityalo zikwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo ezikhulu nezinemibala.
- Ikhusela kwizifo
- Ikhulisa umsebenzi webhayoloji oluncedo emhlabeni.
- Sisichumiso esifanelekileyo sokulima ngokwemvelo kuba siphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo zizinto zendalo kwaye asiwungcolisi umhlaba. A
- Ingasetyenziselwa zombini kwiishedi, kwii-substrates.
- Igalelo kulawulo lomhlaba pH.
- Ayivelisi ityhefu, ngokuchaseneyo.
Uyenza njani into yokubumba iintshulube ekhaya
Inkqubo yokuguqula izinto zendalo zibe ngumgquba wendalo ubizwa ngokuba ngumgquba wombungu kwaye uvelisa umgquba wombungu, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumgquba weentshulube. Le nkqubo yenziwa kumatshini wokugaya iintshulube zomhlaba kunye neetreyi ezahlukeneyo ezibekwe enye ngaphezulu kwenye enemingxunya edlula apho iintshulube zetyisa xa kugaywa konke ukutya esikugcinayo. Ukuba unomdla wokwenza isichumisi somsundululu ekhaya, ungenza isivundisi somsundululu nangaliphi na ixesha, apha sikufundisa yonke into malunga nomgquba womsundululu.
- Hlamba isikhongozeli kwaye ubeke imingxunya ethile kwisiciko ukuze iintshulube zibe neoksijini eyaneleyo.
- Sika eli phephandaba libe yimicu kwaye ubeke umaleko kwimivumbo kumphezulu wesikhongozeli.. Eli phepha liyakuvumela isikhongozeli ukuba sibe nomoya ongcono.
- Kuya kufuneka ubeke umaleko otyebileyo womhlaba nokuba kusekho ukufuma okuseleyo. Olu luhlu kufuneka lubekwe ngaphezulu kwephephandaba esele lifakwe kwisikhongozeli.
- Faka ukutya okuseleyo okukhoyo okufana neziqhamo ezisikiweyo kunye nentsalela yemifuno.
- Beka iintshulube ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ihumus.
- Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sifakwa kwindawo apho singayi kufumana umoya okanye utshintsho olugqithisileyo kubushushu.
- Kubalulekile ukondla iintshulube zezinto ezingafunekiyo rhoqo. Ngeentsuku nje ezili-15 unakho ukulungelelanisa indawo yakho yokuqala kumhlaba wakho.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-humus kunye neempawu zayo.