Siyazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko ehlabathini. Ungcoliseko lolo hlobo lomenzeli wangaphandle ongeniswa kwi-ikhosistim yendalo kwaye ilungise iimpawu zayo ezingaphakathi. Kule meko, siza kuthetha malunga ungcoliseko lobushushu. Imalunga nokonakaliswa kokusingqongileyo okunento yokwenza nobushushu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nongcoliseko lobushushu, imvelaphi yalo, iimpawu kunye nemiphumo.
Yintoni ungcoliseko lobushushu
Ungcoliseko lobushushu lwaziwa njengohlobo lokuthotywa kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi amanzi (ekubeni umoya ukhupha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza). Iveliswa kubukho bemisebenzi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ukuba ukushisa kwayo kuqhubeke nokunyuka. Kwezinye iindlela zongcoliseko Kwaziswa iikhemikhali okanye izinto ezibonakalayo eziguqula iipropathi zendalo esingqongileyo kwaye zichaphazele ibhalansi yayo ecekethekileyo ye-biochemical.
Kwenzeka into efanayo xa sithetha ngongcoliseko lobushushu, kodwa inento yokwenza namandla agqithisileyo aveliswa ngumsebenzi othile womntu, odla ngokukhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo njengobushushu obongezelelweyo, obutshintsha ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwemichiza. Olu luhlobo longcoliso olukhankanywe kancinci, kodwa lubaluleke ngokufanayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaqela amaninzi okusingqongileyo aye aqalisa ukulwa nongcoliseko lobushushu.
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqonde malunga nongcoliseko lobushushu kukuba ubushushu bubangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali. I-Catalyze ithetha ukukhawulezisa ngokuzisa amandla. Isenokubangela ukusabela ukuba kwenzeke ngaphantsi kweedigri ezimbalwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamandla. Leyo yingxaki enkulu yongcoliseko lobushushu: iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zobushushu kwimo engqongileyo.
Iimbangela zongcoliseko lobushushu
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ngomnye woonobangela bongcoliseko lobushushu. Ungcoliseko lobushushu lubangelwa zezo zinto zoshishino okanye zobuchwepheshe ezizisa ubushushu kwimo engqongileyo ngendlela engalawulekiyo. Umzekelo:
- Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okupholisa. Kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino, izityalo zetsimbi okanye izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla, iinkqubo ziqhutyelwa kumaqondo aphezulu, kwaye xa izinto zifuna ukupholisa, amanzi athathwe emilanjeni, amachibi okanye olwandle asetyenziswa. Yabuya emva kokuhluzwa kunye nokuzinziswa, kodwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu kunokuba laliqokelelwa ekuqaleni.
- Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi abandayo. Okufanayo kwenzeka kwizityalo ze-gas liquefaction, inkqubo idla ngokuba yi-endothermic (ukusebenzisa amandla) ngoko ipholisa izinto ezijikelezileyo. Ezi zityalo zigalela amanzi abandayo emilanjeni naselwandle, nto leyo ekwalungcoliso lobushushu.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba. Ezi zinto zihlala zinyusa amanqanaba amanzi okanye zibeke imizimba yamanzi esichengeni selanga, nto leyo enokukhokelela kubushushu obungaqhelekanga.
- Izizathu zendalo. Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kunye ne-geothermal ikwachaphazela ukufudumeza kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi olwandle, kunye neempembelelo ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo.
Iziphumo
Ukutshintsha kobushushu kunokuchaphazela ubomi kunye nokuzala elwandle. Iziphumo zolu tshintsho lweqondo lobushushu zibonakala ngakumbi kwindawo ehlala emanzini kwaye zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Nciphisa ioksijini emanzini. Ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla angaphakathi, amanzi ashushu anokugcina ioksijini encibilikisiweyo encinci kunamanzi abandayo. Oku kwenza ukuba amanzi angabufanelanga ubomi kwaye afuthanisele iintlobo zezilwanyana.
- ukungalingani kwesondlo. Amanqanaba aphezulu obushushu bamanzi anokukhawulezisa iinkqubo ezithile zokuzala aze acothise ezinye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ziphinde zizale ngokungalungelelananga yaye, kwelinye icala, ziyancipha kwezinye. Konke oku kuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso olucekethekileyo lwesondlo se-ecosystem.
- ukukhulula i-toxins. Ukufudumala kwamanzi olwandle kubangela okanye kuvelisa ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ezingalawulwayo kunye nemiphumo engalindelekanga kwi-ecosystem, ekhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi, ukwanda okungalawulwayo kweentlobo okanye ukungalingani kwe-biochemical.
- ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi. Ukufudumeza amanzi kunye nomoya kwezinye iindawo kusenokungafanelanga izilwanyana ezihlala kuzo, nto leyo ebanyanzela ukuba bayishiye indawo abahlala kuyo baze bahlasele ezinye izilwanyana. Oku kuchaphazela ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokuhla kwabantu kwindawo.
Izisombululo ezinokwenzeka
Ukulwa nongcoliseko lobushushu kufuna inzame edibeneyo kuRhulumente, imibutho yabucala kunye nezoqoqosho, okwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwisivumelwano. Eminye yamanyathelo amkelweyo malunga noku:
- Sebenzisa amanyathelo okubuyisela amanziezifana nezikhululo zokupholisa simahla okanye zokufudumeza.
- Buyisa endaweni yokukhupha amanzi ashushu kwiinkqubo zamashishini: ukufudumeza kwasekhaya okanye ukugalelwa kwakhona kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimizi-mveliso.
- Ukuqhuba uphononongo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla angamanye amandla enyukliya, kwaye amandla enyukliya asebenzisa amanzi abilisiweyo ukwenza umbane.
- Ukuqinisa umthetho wendalo enxulumene nezinto ezenziwa kushishino ukuqinisekisa ukuba izohlwayo ezifanelekileyo ziyasetyenziswa.
- Iinkqubo zokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokwandiswa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo.
Ubushushu bukazwe lonke
Ukunyibilika kweepali kuphakamisa itafile yamanzi oMhlaba. Ungcoliseko lobushushu ngomnye nje umba ongaphezulu kwi Ingxaki enkulu yobushushu behlabathi ebejongene nayo ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Le nkqubo yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathini inemiphumo eyintlekele kwindalo.
Oku kuquka ukunyibilika kweepali kunye nokunyuka komphakamo wamanzi ehlabathi ngenxa yoko, ukuba yintlango kweendawo ezinkulu zejografi kunye nokuzala kwemozulu egqithisileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukulwa nongcoliseko lwe-thermal kuya kunceda ukubuyisela ibhalansi ye-thermal yehlabathi.
Ukubaluleka kunye nemizekelo yongcoliseko lobushushu
Iimbono ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nongcoliseko lobushushu ziyavuma ukuba kukho into ekufuneka yenziwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yale misebenzi kwibhalansi yobushushu behlabathi. Ubunzima bokutshintsha izinto ekudala zikhona kwimizi-mveliso kunye nomdla wezoqoqosho oxhomekeke kuzo zezinye zeengxaki ekufuneka zijongene nazo ezi ntlobo zamaphulo.
Ziye zangxamiseka ngakumbi kunangaphambili, njengoko imodeli yeshishini loluntu iqalisile ukubonisa iindleko ezinkulu zendalo. Eminye imizekelo yongcoliseko lobushushu yile:
- Ukuqokelelwa kweeyunithi zomoya kwiindawo zasezidolophini, indawo yayo yangasemva ikhupha umoya oshushu obushushu bunokunyusa umoya.
- Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ashushu kakhulu kwizityalo zentsimbi, esetyenziselwa ukupholisa isinyithi esinzima (esidla ngokungcoliswa yinkunkuma eqinileyo exhonywe kuzo).
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kummandla weAmazon kuMzantsi Merika yimizi-mveliso yeenkuni kunye nephepha ibeka indawo enkulu yomhlaba namanzi ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nongcoliseko lobushushu kunye neziphumo zalo.