ibali kunye Ukuziphendukela kwebhayisekile Bekunzima ukutyhubela iminyaka. Idlule kwiinguqu ezininzi kunye nophuculo ukuze ibe yinto esiyaziyo namhlanje. Nangona kusenokubonakala ngathi yinto nje elula, akunjalo. Emva kweenguqulelo ezininzi zebhayisekile, siye saphuhlisa iindawo ezisebenza kakuhle de sibe nebhayisekile yangoku.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nokuvela kwebhayisikili, ziphi iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kunye nendlela etshintshile ngayo kwiminyaka.
Imvelaphi yebhayisekile
Ukususela kwixesha lamandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ubungqina bokuba umntu uye wasebenzisa ingcamango yamavili amabini adibeneyo kunye nentonga kangangeenkulungwane njengendlela yokunyakaza engqondweni yakhe. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngexesha leYiputa yamandulo kwakucingwa isixhobo esifana nebhayisekile. Ngapha koko, i-hieroglyph kwi-Luxor Obelisk ngoku e-Paris Square inikezelwe kwi-Ramses II kwaye ibonisa indoda ehamba ngamavili amabini malunga ne-1300 BC kwibha ethe tye.
Omnye uMbindi Mpuma, amaBhabhiloni, bafakela isixhobo esifana nebhayisekile kwesinye sezihombo zabo ezisisiqabu. AmaRoma nawo abonakala ecinga ngoku, njengoko kubonakala kwimifanekiso ekroliweyo efumaneka kumabhodlo asePompeii. Uyakwazi ukubona ezinye iigraphics ezifana neLuxor Obelisk.
Kule cathedral yovuselelo lwaseBuckinghamshire, eNgilani, kukho umzobo wengelosi encinane ebonakala ikhwele uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwebhayisekile; kwakusukela ngo-1580.
Kwakhona kumzobo kaLeonardo da Vinci malunga neminyaka engamakhulu amane eyadlulayo, kuyamangalisa ukubona i-artifact efana kakhulu nebhayisekile.
Nangona le meko ichazwayo isenokuba yenzeke ngempazamo, xa kucingwa ukuba abantu bebesebenzisa amavili kangangeminyaka engama-5.000 XNUMX, inyaniso ikukuba de kwasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, akukho namnye owayecinga ngokulungelelanisa amavili amabini aze ahlale phezu kwentonga ewadibanisa nawo. Makhe sijonge imvelaphi yebhayisekile.
Ngo-1645, indoda engumFrentshi egama linguJean Théson yafota iHulk, awayibiza ngokuba yi "celeriferous", ehamba ngokuthe tye kwizitrato zaseFontainebleau. Kunokuthiwa yayisesithuthuthu, nangona yayiphantse ifane noko siyiqondayo namhlanje. Uhambo lwakhe lufutshane kuba akukabikho nkqubo yendlela esele yenziwe ukuba imkhokele. Ngowe-1790, I-Count de Sivrac ikhwele isondo elihambayo kwizitrato zaseParis ukusuka endulini, ukuhleka kwababukeli kunye nehlazo le-aristocracy.
Emva koko, isiFrentshi uM. Blanchard kunye noM. Masurier bakha imoto echazwe kwi-Paris Review kwi-1799 phantsi kwegama le-vélocipèdes okanye iinyawo ezilula. UKumkani uLouis XVI kunye noMarie Antoinette belo xesha bayithanda kakhulu le ngcamango kangangokuba baxhasa ngenkxaso yoyilo kwaye bakhuthaza abaququzeleli bayo.
UBlanchard kunye noMasuriel, oomatshini kunye neengcali zefiziksi ngokulandelelanayo, basebenzisa iingcamango zenkulungwane eyadlulayo kaJacques Ozanam, ingcali yezibalo ekrelekrele ogqirha bakhe bacebisa ukwakha ibhayisekile eyayisaziwa ngemihla yakhe njengomkhandi, ivili layo elingasemva laliqhutywa sisibiyeli esinokujika njengelitye lokusila. .umoya. Phofu ke, mhlawumbi ezo mbiza ziphambeneyo zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX azifanelanga kubizwa ngokuba ziibhayisekile kuba bezikade zinamavili angaphezu kwamabini.
owayila ibhayisekile
Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba nini kwaye ngubani owasungula ibhayisekile? Uyazi, iibhayisekile zokuqala zavela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngomnyaka we-1818, uBaron Carl von Drais von Sauerbronn wenza i-treadmill kunye ne-patent yayo phantsi kwegama elithi vélocipède. Abantu badume phantsi kwegama le-draisiana.
Ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, igama elipheleleyo le-baron nguKarl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais von Sauerbronn. Yiyo loo nto, ngelixa iDraisian inesitayile esijikelezayo, ayisiyonto yokuphatha. Ulwaphulo olubi lukaCarl von Drais, oluphefumlelwe yi-Count of Sivrac's invention, lwaqhutywa ngonyawo, kwaye ekubeni ikhonkco lokusasaza lalingekayilwa, ukubonakala kwayo kwizitrato zaseParis phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kubangele umdla kunye nolunye uhlobo. ubungakanani bengqwalasela kunye nehlazo.
Asinguye wonke umntu onesibindi sokukhwela ibhayisekile ngolu hlobo, kodwa umsebenzi waseParis ogama linguJ. Lallement waba nobuganga bokukhwela iHulk kwizitrato zaseParis ngenxa yokuba umkhweli webhayisikile wokuqala ezimbalini wabanjwa ngabo bangazange behle kwimoto yakhe entsha. Wayethandabuza ukumgibisela ngamatye. Ukongezelela, kamva amapolisa amvalela kwihlazo esidlangalaleni.
Noko ke, inqwelo-mafutha endala kaVon Drais yayinesixhobo sokuqhuba esibizwa ngokuba yilaufmascine, okanye i<em>treadmill. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uDennis Johnson wayeseLondon evelisa iiPlayboys zesixeko. Umsebenzisi wayo oyintloko yiRegent, ehamba negama elithi Playboy Horse okanye Hobby Horse. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuveliswa akugqibelelanga.
Ukuziphendukela kwebhayisekile
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, ibhayisekile ayiyekanga ukuphucula okanye ukuvela ukusukela oko yaqanjwa, de ifikelele kwindlela esiyazi ngayo namhlanje. Sifunda ngazo ngokweenkcukacha:
Kwi 1839, U-Skotit Kirkpatrick Macmillan uvelise ibhayisekile yokuqala eqhutywayo. Ngexesha lokuqala kwakunokwenzeka ukukhwela ibhayisekile ngaphandle kweenyawo zomkhweli webhayisikile ukuyityhala ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngeepedali; ii-handlebars bezikhona ukusukela ngo-1817.
Loo bhayisekile ayiqhelekanga kuba inamavili amabini omthi kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi. Ivili eliphambili liziintshi ezingamashumi amathathu ububanzi kunye nenye i-intshi ezingamashumi amane. Ngowe-1861, umkhandi weentsimbi waseFransi uPierre Michaux wacinga ukongeza iipedali kwivili langaphambili leDraisian. Waziwa njengomnye woovulindlela bebhayisikile, kodwa kwakhona, uPhilip Moritx okanye uGalloux baneempawu zabo ezintle.
Ukuveliswa kukaMichaux kwakubizwa ngokuba yi "Michaulina" kwaye kwangena kwimveliso eninzi, okwenza ukuba idume kakhulu eFransi. Iipedali zikwivili langaphambili, elenziwe ngamaplanga, kwaye imitya yentsimbi idibana nomhlaba. Le bhayisekile igqibelele. Eyokuqala ukuba ne-chain drive yenziwa nguJames Slater ngo-1864; kwiminyaka emithandathu emva koko, uJames Staley wanikezela ngee wire spokes zamavili. Ngowe-1874, uStaley wenza ibhayisekile yabasetyhini.
Inguquko yebhayisekile yanamhlanje
UKemp nguyise weshishini lebhayisekile, ngo-1885 wadala ibhayisekile yeRover, leyo yayikhawuleza, ikhululekile, kulula ukuyiphatha, kwaye ingcono kakhulu kunekaMalume wakhe uJames. Sele iyibhayisekile yala maxesha, inamavili amabini alinganayo, ikhonkco kunye negiya drive, iipedals, cranks, idayimane isakhelo kunye nefolokhwe yediagonal drive ngqo.
Ngokwenziwa kwetayara lomoya ngowe-1888, ibhayisekile iya kuba lisebe elinamandla kwishishini lezemidlalo kwaye ibonelele ngemveliso ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokunyuka kwayo kwakhokelela ekubeni ibhayisekile ibhengezwe njengomdlalo weOlimpiki kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki yokuqala yanamhlanje ngowe-1896.
Uphando oluninzi luye lwaya kwindlela yokuphucula kunye nokuphuhlisa iibhayisikili. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo eyaziwayo kukuguqula iinzame zomntu zibe ngamandla. Uninzi lotshintsho lubonakala lungabalulekanga kwaye ludla ngokuzuza uhlobo oluthile lwebhayisekile, njengokumothuka kwebhayisekile yasezintabeni okanye izibambo zomdyarho.
Mncinane umgudu owenziweyo wokulungisa iibhayisekile ngayo nayiphi na indlela enentsingiselo. Enye inzame enjalo yayiyi "Moulton Bicycle," eyayingenamavili amancinci kuphela (ukunciphisa ukutsalwa), kodwa yaphinda yahlengahlengisa indlela i-chassis esebenza ngayo.
Ibhayisekile esongwayo kaHarry Bickerton yayilinge lokudala ibhayisekile ekwazi ukugotywa lula kwaye iphathwe ngeehandle. Kukwakho neebhayisekile WO 97/29008, i-"pedal-powered sailboat", kunye ne-US 5342074, ibhayisekile yabantu ababini enefreyimu eqhotyoshelweyo.
Olunye uluvo olutsha mhlawumbi lusukela ngo-1901 kunye ne-US patent 690733 nguHarold Jarvis (ibhayisekile yebhayisekile), owazama ukuyila ngokutsha yonke ingqikelelo ngokubeka umkhweli kwindawo yokuxoka endaweni yokuhlala nkqo. Ezi modeli zivela ngakumbi nangakumbi ezitratweni.
Ibhayisekile ehlala ihleli yaqanjwa nguRichard Forrestal, uWilmington, kunye noDavid Gordon Wilson beFomac Inc eWilmington, Massachusetts, eMelika.Yafayishwa nge-26 kaDisemba yaza yapapashwa njenge-WO 81/01821 kunye ne-US 4283070. Isizathu sokuba kungabikho isiphatho kukuba Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza liyakwazi ukunyenyisa isihlalo esikufutshane okanye ngaphezulu ukusuka kwiipedali ukuhlalisa abantu bobude obahlukeneyo.
Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza libonelela ngezizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni oluyilo lungaphezulu kunebhayisekile eqhelekileyo. Ubukhulu becala intuthuzelo umkhweli, inkxaso ngasemva ekukhweleni elide kunye nokhuseleko. Umbindi ongezantsi womxhuzulane kunye nendawo yomkhweli uthetha ukuba umkhweli unokuqhokra ngokulula kulo naluphi na uhlobo longquzulwano; awufane ugxothwe; unokubambelela ngcono ngeenyawo zakho, eziya kuthwala ubunzima bongquzulwano, hayi intloko okanye umzimba wakho.
Kwakhona, kuba iipedali zinde kwaye akunakwenzeka ukukrwempa umhlaba, kulula ukujika-jika kwaye (ngokumangalisayo ngokwaneleyo) kulula kubakhweli beebhayisikile ukunxibelelana nabaqhubi beemoto.
Akukho santya siphezulu sibangwayo. Mhlawumbi eyona nto inkulu yimbonakalo yayo engathandekiyo kunye nomngcipheko wokuhamba ujonge phantsi. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeebhayisikile ezihlala phantsi:
- I-Wheelbase Recumbent Bike emide
- ISiseko esifutshane seBhayisekile yeRecumbent
- Iibhayisekile zeRecumbent ezineepedals phambi kwevili langaphambili endaweni yangasemva.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemvelaphi kunye nokuvela kwebhayisikile kule minyaka.