Siyazi ukuba imigxobhozo yaseDoñana yindawo yokugcina indalo ebaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke elaseSpain. Imbalela ethwaxwa yiAndalusia iya isiba mandla njengoko ixesha lihamba. Olu hlobo lwe-ecosystem luphila ngenxa yemvula kunye nokuqokelelana kwamanzi. Uhlaza kunye nezilwanyana ziqhelaniswa nale meko kwaye ngokwandayo ukungabikho kwamanzi eDoñana.
Kule nqaku siza kukunika ukuba zeziphi iingxaki zokungabikho kwamanzi e-Doñana kwaye yintoni imiphumo yayo kwixesha elifutshane, eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide.
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi eDoñana
Izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni kwiPaki yeSizwe yaseDoñana zibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kulo mmandla ukhuselweyo. Kukule paki yendalo engaphezulu kweehektare ezingama-50.000 ezisasazwa phakathi kwamaphondo aseHuelva, eCádiz naseSeville. apho ezinye zezona ntlobo zimele kakhulu zejografi yaseSpain zifumaneka, njengengqawa yaseIberia okanye ukhozi lwasebukhosini, zonke ezisengozini yokuphela. Kodwa, ukongeza kwindawo yayo enelungelo (phakathi kweAfrika neYurophu, phakathi koLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kunye noLwandle lweMeditera), iDoñana ikwayindawo emanzi eyodwa eYurophu, indawo yokugcina amawaka eentlobo zeentaka zaseAfrika naseYurophu.
Amanzi ngumthombo wobomi kulo mmandla wolondolozo lwendalo, kodwa iye yaba ngumbaxa kubalimi kulo mmandla. Kule meko, ayingomanzi amtyuba kumanzi olwandle, kodwa ngamanzi anetyuwa e-aquifer engaphantsi komhlaba ondla ubomi kwindawo emanzi enkulu eYurophu kwaye ejongene nezoyikiso ezinkulu namhlanje.
Yimbalela esondelayo, ukupheliswa kwe-aquifers kunye nomonde wamaqela okusingqongileyo kunye namafama amaninzi kulo mmandla aye abona indlela ukombiwa kwamaqula okungekho mthethweni okuye kwawaphelisa ngayo amadama abaxhomekeke kuwo ukuze baphile.
Ukungabikho kwamanzi e-Doñana akuyona into entsha, kodwa iphinde yavela kutshanje ngenxa yemozulu ephindwe kabini kunye nengxaki yokusingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, imbalela inzima kakhulu enyakeni kunye nemvula encinci kakhulu, enempembelelo ngqo kwimpilo ye-aquifer, ethi kungoku nje kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-30% yomthamo wayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bill ephikisanayo inokugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwezityalo ezinkcenkceshelwayo, ngokukodwa i-strawberries kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezibomvu, kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Doñana norte" kwiphondo laseHuelva.
Ngapha koko, imithetho elungiswayo ngoku inokuthetha ukuba malunga neehektare ezingama-2.000 zezityalo ezinkcenkceshelwayo ziphantsi kwemithombo yamanzi efunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni, ngokutsho kwamanani anikezwe yiWWF, iqela elikhuthaze ukudalwa kweepaki zelizwe kwaye ngoku ligxeka ukungabikho kokhuseleko. . .
ityala elitsha
Lo mthetho mtsha uxhokonxe ukuhlehla kumaqela okusingqongileyo, amaqela oluntu, abathengi, kunye namafama ngokwawo: abo bathobela umthetho. Ukongeza kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weNguqulelo yeNdalo, isakhelo esitsha solawulo sigwetyiwe iKhomishini yaseYurophu, eye yalumkisa ukuba iya kubeka izohlwayo eSpeyin ukuba iqhubela phambili nesiphakamiso. Ayililo kuphela iziko laseYurophu elithetha ngokuphandle ngoku kungabikho kokhuseleko: ngoJuni ophelileyo, iNkundla yoBulungisa yeEuropean Union yakhupha isigqibo esigxeka ukuguqulwa kweendawo zokuhlala ezikhuselweyo okubangelwa kukutsalwa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Umahluko kukuba, kule meko, isigwebo sinokukhokelela kwizohlwayo ezibalulekileyo zemali.
Iprojekthi yeStrawberry kunye nokungabikho kwamanzi eDoñana
Ngokukodwa, utshintsho lolawulo lubandakanya uhlaziyo lweSicwangciso esiKhethekileyo soLawulo lweDoñana Forest Canopy, eyaziwa ngokuba yiPlan Fresa, eyavunywa ngowama-2014 ukuba ijongane nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamaleko omanzi aphantsi komhlaba angekho mthethweni. Lo mmiselo uya kuncedisa iSicwangciso soLawulo loMhlaba sase-Andalusia (i-POTA), elawula ngokukodwa icandelo lokunkcenkceshela kwingingqi yaseDoñana.
I-Strawberry Plan yahlula umhlaba ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa komhlaba (onkcenkceshelwayo kunye nemvula), ngokusekelwe kwindlela owawuhlelwa ngayo kwiminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo xa isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa komhlaba samkelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ayizange iqwalasele ukudityaniswa kweminye imihlaba enkcenkceshelwayo eyayingabhaliswanga ngo-2004, uninzi lwayo oluhambelana nokusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni okwakutyalwe kamva. Iprojekthi entsha yomthetho evunyiweyo yipalamente yaseAndalusi iyakucingela ukwamkelwa kwayo yonke imihlaba enkcenkceshelwayo engazange ifakwe kwiikhathalogu.
Uqikelelo lokuqala lubanga ukuba inani limele ukwanda malunga neehektare ezingama-800, kodwa ingxelo yengcali egunyaziswe ngu. I-WWF iqikelela umhlaba owongezelelweyo ongaphezu kwe-1.903,7 yeehektare, phantse i-140 lepesenti ngaphezulu kwenani elisemthethweni.
Amanzi amancinci kunkcenkceshelo ezininzi
"I-aquifer isetyenziswe ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye indlela yodwa yokubuyisela lo mthamo obalulekileyo wamanzi kukunciphisa uxinzelelo," watsho uCarmona, echaza ukuba akukho manzi aneleyo kuwo wonke umntu. “Ikeyiki iyafana, okanye yohlulwe, okanye abantu basuswe kwi-equation, ayikho enye indlela. Isisombululo kuphela kukucinezela i-aquifers kunye nokuphumeza isicwangciso samaqunube," icacise ingcali, iqaphela ukuba. amanzi aphezu komhlaba akayi kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yonikezelo yezi zixhobo zitsha zokunkcenkceshela.
Isazi sendalo esingqongileyo songeze ukuba ukongeza ekubeni sisibetho esinzima kwimigxobhozo edumileyo, umlinganiselo ocetywayo libhunga lesithili ikwaluhlobo lokucekisa amafama, kuba wohlwaya kwaye uvuza abo bawuhlonelayo umthetho. Amanzi abiweyo, jonga.
Angakanani amanzi akhutshwe ngokungekho mthethweni xa ewonke? Amaqela olondolozo aqikelela ukuba amaqula angekho mthethweni ngoku angankcenkceshela ngaphezu kweehektare ezingama-4.700, alingana namabala ebhola ekhatywayo angaphezu kwama-5.700.
"Abasemagunyeni abafanele ukuba bajonge ikamva le-Doñana bayayihoya imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye bavumele ukubiwa kwemithombo yendalo egcina umgxobhozo uphila," i-WWF ichaza kwingxelo. Enyanisweni, i-NGO isebenze iminyaka kwi-Igweba ukungabikho kokukhuselwa kwe-aquifer, apho amaqula angaphezu kwe-1.000 kunye namakhulu eehektare zokunkcenkceshela ngokungekho mthethweni zikhuselekile. Intshukumo yakhe yokugqibela kukugxeka ukuwohloka kweDoñana phambi kwe-Unesco kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu, evumelane ne-ecologists. Izisombululo zabo zexesha elizayo ziya kuphawula ikamva lesi siza sendalo esimangalisayo seLifa leMveli leHlabathi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokungabikho kwamanzi eDoñana kunye nemiphumo yayo.