Ukuhamba yinto enzima kakhulu xa isiza ekudibaniseni nokuzinza. Inyani yokuhamba imigama emide okanye naphakathi kweedolophu sele ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kolunye uhlobo lwe ifosili yefuweli kunye nongcoliseko oluhambelanayo. Zininzi Imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo abo bazama ukugqobhoza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo kwiatmosfera kwaye banegalelo kuphuculo lwendalo.
Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesixeko kunye ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, sihlalutya ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezenziwayo ukunciphisa ungcoliseko, ukuphucula ezothutho, kunye nayo, umgangatho wobomi. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo?
Imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yomntu
I-51% yabemi behlabathi bahlala ezidolophini kwaye abanye bahlala ezilalini. Ngo-2030 kuqikelelwa ukuba i-82% iyakuhlala ezidolophini. Ke ngoko, ezinye izikhokelo zokuhamba ezinzileyo kufuneka zisekwe ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezizivelisayo. Ngokwenyani, uzinzo lwezixeko zezona ziya kuphawula uzinzo lwehlabathi liphela.
Ngokwengxelo ye-TERM 2013 ye-European Environment Agency, ngo-2011 ithi I-12,5% yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ezikhupha igesi ekwiManyano yaseYurophu zivela kwizithuthi zasezidolophini. Yile nto besiyichazile ngaphambili, inye kuphela into yokuba kufuneka sihambile, hayi thina kuphela, ukuba ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kokutya, izixhobo, ipetroli, njl.
Kwaye zezona zixeko zikumazwe aphuhlileyo asekwe kwimizila yokunyusa ukuhamba kwezithuthi. Ngamanye amagama, sihlala ezixekweni apho kukho indawo eninzi yezithuthi kunabantu. Emva kohlaziyo lweemoto, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kutshintshe kakhulu. Ngokukhula kwezixeko kunye nokwanda kwemigama phakathi kohambo, ubungakanani bomntu apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuhamba ngeenyawo okanye ngebhayisekile kwakungonelanga kwaye ukuhambisa ngomatshini kwakufuneka.
Imodeli yedolophu ebumbeneyo ihleli ikakhulu kumaziko asezidolophini apho kuhlala kukho iindawo zabahambi ngenyawo ezinkulu kunye neendlela zendlela ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, imida kunye nemimandla yeedolophu zikhule ngokungalinganiyo kunye nobunzima bokuba oku kubandakanya ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho lukawonkewonke. Ngesi sizathu, imoto ibe sisixhobo esingabalulekanga kusapho oluphakathi.
Ungcoliseko ezindleleni
Ngayo yonke le nto, ungcoliseko lwegesi enobushushu obugqithisileyo luyanda ngenkohlakalo kuba usapho ngalunye lune-avareji phakathi kweemoto ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. Ngokwenza ukuba iziseko zophuhliso ziwe ngenxa yezithuthi, izakhiwo zethu zakhiwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezixeko ukulungiselela ukugcwala kwabantu nangakumbi. Oku ngekhe kuphelele apha, kodwa ezi zakhiwo zitsha ziye zawa ngenxa yokuxinana kweemoto kwaye kuya kufuneka ukwandisa umgama kwaye, kunye nawo, iindleko zamandla zokuhamba.
Onke la manyathelo alungelelaniswe nendaleko kunye nokukhula kwabemi behlabathi kwenza ukuba kubekho ingxelo yokungazinzi kunye nobunzima ekucwangciseni umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba izithuthi zingoyena nobangela ungcoliseko ezixekweni, imodeli yesixeko kufuneka itshintshe ukunciphisa iimpembelelo kunye nokudala imeko-bume esempilweni.
Ugxininiso kufuneka lubekwe kwindlela yokuhamba kwabantu. Ukuhlalutya ifuthe leedolophu kwizixeko yindlela umntu afumanisa ngayo ukuba ziyilelwe iimoto hayi ezabantu. Izixeko mazibe zezabantu kwaye zikho ezinye iindlela ezinganobungozi zokuhamba-hamba. Kulapho inyathelo loko kubizwa ngokuba kukuhamba ngokuzinzileyo kungena khona. Kuyimfuneko ngenene ukungenelela kwiindlela zokuhamba kwezixeko kusetyenziswa imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ukutshintsha umxholo wesixeko.
Ukuhamba okuzinzileyo njengesikhokelo esiphambili ezixekweni
Nangona kubantu abaninzi (ukuba akunjalo) imoto iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwaye abanako ukucinga ngobomi ngaphandle kwayo, kukho izifundo ezibonisa ukuba, kwizixeko ezikhulu, uthutho lwabucala alusebenzi kangako. Oko kukuthi, xa usuka kwenye indawo usiya kwenye phakathi esixekweni, kulula ukwenza njalo ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ngebhayisekile okanye ngeenyawo, endaweni yesithuthi sakho. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ngenxa yexesha elilahlekileyo kugcino kunye neerobhothi, kodwa nangenxa yexabiso lamafutha emoto.
Zininzi iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza ngokuhamba kwemodeli ehambisa iindlela zothutho kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemoto. Kulapho sibeka khona Iirhafu zasedolophini, iimitha zokupaka, ukunciphisa inani leendawo zokupaka, imirhumonjl. Ukongeza, ukuphuculwa kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke kuyaphunyezwa, ukukhuthazwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, ukusetyenziswa kwebhayisikile kunye nokwenziwa kwemizila ehlengahlengisiweyo, eyona nto iphambili kwizibane zendlela kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke, njl.
Ukufika kwe iimoto ezixubeneyo y zombane phucula umgangatho womoya ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Ayinciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwemoto, kodwa ikwaphucula nokusebenza kwabo bayisebenzisayo. Kukho nezinye iindlela ezijolise ekunciphiseni imigama ekufuneka yenziwe ngemoto kwaye idityaniswe nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke okanye ngebhayisekile. Ngale ndlela, kuya kubakho iipaki zemoto ezingathandekiyo.
Iindlela ezizinzileyo zokuhamba ezixekweni
Kuzo zonke izikhokelo ezisekwe njengeziluncedo ekuphuculeni ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, zimbalwa kuphela ezisebenzayo. Zizo ezo apho ubume beedolophu buye baguqulwa. Yongezwe ukuhamba ngeendawo ezinendawo zokuhlala eziphambili, kunye namaqonga ezithuthi zikawonkewonke, ulawulo nokucwangciswa kommandla woluntunjl. Zonke ezi zenzo zijolise ekuvumela abantu ukuba bafumane kwakhona isithuba esathathwa kubo ezixekweni zizithuthi.
Yonke imilinganiselo efuna inyathelo kwizinto zedolophu iyaqaqanjiswa, njengokwakhiwa kweendlela zebhayisekile, ukuphuma kwimizila yeebhasi, ukuhamba ngeenyawo, njl. Ngale ndlela, ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwezixhobo kuya kuqinisekiswa kwaye isixa sokukhutshwa kwegesi engcolisayo sincitshiswe. Sisonke singayiphucula impilo yethu ezixekweni kwaye sonyuse umgangatho wobomi. Ukuhamba okuzinzileyo sisitshixo.