Abantu baya besanda ukusebenzisa imithombo yendalo, nto leyo eguqulela kutshintsho lwemo engqongileyo kwi-ecosystem nakwinqanaba lehlabathi. Umonakalo esiwenzayo kwisijikelezi-langa sethu unokulinganiswa, kuba ngoku iintlobo ze-32.000 zisengozini, ngokutsho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Ukuphepha le meko, ingcamango ye ukuphinda ndixakeke okanye ukubuyisela.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni ukubuyisela kwakhona, yintoni na, zeziphi iinjongo ezilandelwayo kunye nokuba zenziwa njani.
Yintoni ejikelezayo
Ukubuyisela kwakhona kuchazwa njengengqikelelo yolondolozo olukhulu olujolise eku ukubuyisela nokukhusela imimandla yendalo ngokubuyisela iindidi eziphambili kunye nokukhuthaza uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweendawo eziye zaphazanyiswa yimisebenzi yabantu.
Ekuqaleni, igama elithi rewilding lalisetyenziselwa ukuphumeza izicwangciso ezigxininise ekubuyiseleni iintlobo zelitye eliphambili lezilwanyana ezidliwayo eziphezulu kwi-ecosystems ezifuna ukubuyisela ukulingana kwazo kwesondlo. Omnye umzekelo yingcuka iYellowstone, eyakhululwa yangena kule paki ngo-1926 emva kokuba ingcuka yexhama ibangele ukuba isilwanyana sinyamalale.
Inyaniso kukuba namhlanje ukubuyisela kwakhona kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi zoqeqesho. Akunjalo nje malunga nokubuyisela iintlobo, imalunga nokubuyisela imfezeko ye-ikholoji yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yabantu kuyo. Injongo icacile kwaye imfutshane: ukubuyiselwa kwe-ikholoji kuyafunwa ukuya kwinqanaba apho i-ikhosistim ikwazi ukuzilawula ngokwendalo kwakhona.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo malunga nokuphindaphinda ukuveliswa kwakhona kweentlobo zendalo kwiindawo eziye zanyamalala kuzo. Oku kubandakanya ukubuyisa amarhamncwa kunye nezilwanyana ezitya uhlaza ezazifudula zihlala kwezo ndawo, ngaloo ndlela kudalwe unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwendalo. Ngokwenza oko, ulungelelwaniso lwendalo luyakhuthazwa kwaye i-biodiversity elahlekileyo ibuyiselwa.
ukuphindaphinda ikhuthaza ukulandelelana kweenkqubo zendalo nezizenzekelayo endaweni yolawulo olumandla lwabantu. Ifuna ukuvumela i-ecosystem ukuba izilawule kwaye iphuhlise ngokuzimeleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuvumela imilambo ilandele ikhondo layo lendalo, ukuvumela ulandelelwano lwendalo kunye nokunciphisa uphazamiseko lwabantu kutshintsho lwenkqubo yendalo.
Ikwagxile ekudalweni kweendawo ezikhuselweyo kunye neepaseji zezilwanyana zasendle ukuvumela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweentlobo kunye nokuququzelela ukufuduka kunye nokusabalalisa. Ezi ndawo zibonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye namathuba okuzala kweentlobo ezisengozini kwaye zinceda ukugcina unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza kubuyiselo lwenkqubo yendalo, ukubuyisela kwakhona kujonge ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano lweemvakalelo phakathi kwabantu kunye nendalo. Kufunwa ukuba abantu baphinde baqhagamshelane nendalo yabo yendalo, baxabise ubuhle bayo kwaye baqonde ukubaluleka kolondolozo lwayo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngemfundo yendalo esingqongileyo, ukhenketho lwendalo nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu lwasekuhlaleni ekubuyiseleni iiprojekthi.
Iziseko kunye nendlela yokubuyisela kwakhona
Ukubuyisela kwakhona kusekelwe kuhlalutyo kunye nesenzo kwiintsika ezintathu ezisisiseko ze-ecosystem: ubunzima betrophic, ukuphazamiseka kwendalo kunye noqhagamshelwano. Ngezantsi, sichaza nganye kwezi ziseko ngokweenkcukacha.
ubunzima betrophic
Le yeyona ndlela isondeleyo kwingqikelelo yokuqala yokubuyisela kwakhona. Izilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani zineempembelelo ezininzi kwi-ikhosistim ezihlala kuzo, kuba zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo enye irhafu, efana neentaka ezincinci, izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezincinci, izinambuzane kunye nezityalo ngemisebenzi yazo yokukhangela kunye nokusebenzisa imifuno. i-ikhosistim yendalo bakwibhalansi egqibeleleyo ngenxa yokuba amarhamncwa amakhulu bagcina ezi zidalwa zinkulu ngaphandle ukuze imisebenzi yabo ingaphumi esandleni, ngokusisiseko nayiphi na indawo engqongileyo iba yipeni eyomileyo.
Xa indoda ibeka isandla sayo apho ingekhoyo, le bhalansi iphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo. Nokuba kungenxa yokunqongophala kwexhoba, ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokutya, okanye ukuzingela ngokuthe ngqo, kwiimeko ezininzi ezi zilwanyana ziphezulu kunye nezinye iintlobo zamatye angundoqo ziphela ziguqulwa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba abantu bazo bancitshiswe kakhulu okanye banyamalele ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweTrophic akuthatheli ngqalelo kuphela ukuveliswa kwakhona kweentlobo ebezifudula zikwi-ikhosistim, kodwa ngundoqo kugcino lwe-ikhosistim, njengoko inokuqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezisebenzayo nezikhuselayo. Ukuhlalisana kwabantu kunye neentlobo ze-ikhosistim, okwaziwa ngokuba kukwakhiwa ngokutsha, kunokukhuthazwa okanye kuwiswe umthetho ukuze kucuthwe okanye kuthintelwe ukuzingela izilwanyana ezisesichengeni.
Ukuba iintlobo zomdla ziye zanyamalala ngokupheleleyo, ukufakwa ngokutsha okanye ukutshintshwa kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo ezihlala kuzo kunokuqwalaselwa (ukutshintsha ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye olufaneleke ngakumbi ukuya kwi-ecosystem engalungelelananga kunye nomsebenzi ofanayo), nangona kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwixesha elide. Kakade ke, kufuneka kulumke xa kutshintshwa i-ikhosistim, njengoko iziphumo zisenokungabi nakuguqulwa.
ukuphazamiseka kwendalo
Nangona isenokungabonakali ngathi ekuqaleni, ayizizo zonke iintlekele zendalo ezingalunganga kwinqanaba le-ecosystem. Umzekelo, ubukho bezinambuzane zebhayoloji, imililo encinci, okanye izikhukhula phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zemozulu kukhuthaza ulungelelwaniso ngokutsha lwe-ikhosistim kunye neentlobo zazo, nto leyo eguqulela kwi-heterogeneity enkulu yebhayoloji.
Kwizicwangciso ze-anthropogenic, ukuphazamiseka kwendalo kudla ngokucinezelwa okanye ukulawulwa ngendlela ecacileyo, into enokuthi ibangele iintlekele ezinkulu (umzekelo, imililo embalwa encinci inokuthintela imililo emikhulu ezayo). Le ntsika yokwakha kwakhona ijolise ekubuyiseleni ukungahambi kakuhle kweziganeko zendalo: akukho malunga nayo yonke into elawulwa ngabantu, kodwa malunga ne-ecosystems ukuzilawula ngeyona ndlela isengqiqweni.
ukubuyisela uqhagamshelwano
Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwabemi bebhayoloji lubalulekile kuba ukuhamba kwemfuza kuthintela iziphumo zokukhukuliseka kwemfuza ekubeni yingozi ekugqibeleni kwindalo. Ngaphandle kokufuna ukungena kwimibandela yemfuza ebaleka eli thuba, sinokushwankathela yonke inkqubo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umntu omtsha otyeleleyo phakathi kwabantu uphefumla umoya omtsha kuba unokuzisa utshintsho olutsha lwemizila yalo, eya kusasazeka. ukuzala kwaye kugqithiselwe kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ngelishwa Ubume bemvelaphi yabantu abaninzi bulinganiselwe okanye buqhawule ngokuthe ngqo unxibelelwano phakathi kwabemi. Inyaniso yokuba into elula njengendlela inokuba ngumqobo ongenakoyiswa kwizinto ezininzi eziphilayo yenza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko ahlukeneyo abemi bohlobo olufanayo kube nzima.
Eli sebe lokuphinda lilungise le ngxaki ukudala iipaseji zendalo (izakhiwo ezivumela izilwanyana ukuba zihambe-hamba ngeli lixa abantu bezakha) okanye ukuphepha nje ukwakha ezi zakhiwo kwasekuqaleni. Imilinganiselo yoqhagamshelo lwabemi iyahluka, kodwa injongo iyonke kukuzama ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwemfuza okwenzeka ngokwendalo kwi-ikhosistim.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokubuyisela kwakhona kunye neempawu zayo.