Ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma

Xa siphulukana nenkunkuma yethu kwizikhongozelo ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha, sizama ukulawula ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa lonke ulwazi olunokubakho.  Umthamo ngokubanzi wenkunkuma eqinileyo edolophini (i-MSW) esiyivelisayo iya isiba phezulu.  Malunga ne-25 yezigidi zeetoni zenziwa ngonyaka.  Uninzi lwezi nkunkuma lunokuxabiswa kwaye lufumaneke.  Nangona kunjalo, ezinye azinako ukwahlulwa ngokulula kwaye wayesazi ukuba ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunzima kakhulu.  Ukuthintela ukuba uninzi lwenkunkuma luya kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, kwenziwa iinzame zokufumana indlela yokuyilawula.  Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba kukufumana inkunkuma.  Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ukubuyiswa kwenkunkuma, kubaluleke kangakanani kwaye kwenziwa njani.  Kwinani elikhulu lenkunkuma yasezidolophini eqinileyo esiyivelisayo ekupheleni konyaka, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zinokufunyanwa ngokugqibeleleyo.  Sithetha ngenkunkuma eyahlulwe yodwa kwizikhongozelo zokuqokelela okanye kwizikhongozeli zokurisayikilisha (ikhonkco).  Nje ukuba ezi nkunkuma zahlulwe emthonjeni wazo, zasiwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca inkunkuma.  Kulapho banokunyangwa khona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye banike ubomi obutsha kunye nokudityaniswa kwenkunkuma njengemveliso entsha.  Umzekelo, izinto ezintsha ezingavuthwanga zingafumaneka ngeglasi, iplastiki, iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi yenkunkuma.  Kwelinye icala, enye i-60% yayo yonke inkunkuma esiyivelisayo ekupheleni konyaka akukho lula kangako ukwahlulahlula kwaye ukubuyisa kwayo kunzima kakhulu.  Njengoko zingakulungelanga ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona, kuya kufuneka zisiwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.  Kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma abanabo obunye ubomi obuluncedo, kodwa bayangcwatywa.  Ekuphela kwento enokusetyenziswa kule nkunkuma kukukhutshwa kwe-biogas (ikhonkco) eveliswayo ngexesha lokubola kwayo yi-anaerobic bacteria.  Ukuthintela ukuba uninzi lwenkunkuma olungenayo indawo emisiweyo echanekileyo luphelela kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, sizama ukufumana indlela yokuyilawula ukuze sifumane izibonelelo kuyo.  Oku kukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma.  Inkcazo esemthethweni yokufunyanwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma ifunyanwa kumyalelo wenkunkuma ka-2008/98 / EC kwaye koku kulandelayo: Umsebenzi owawufuna eyona njongo iphambili yokuba inkunkuma inokusebenza ngenjongo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha ezinye izinto ebezisetyenziselwa ukuzalisekisa into ethile. umsebenzi.  Imalunga nokulungiselela indawo yokuhlala ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi othile, kokubini kumaziko nakuqoqosho ngokubanzi.  Iindidi zokubuyiswa kwenkunkuma Xa ujonge ixabiso elitsha elinokubakho inkunkuma, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo nohlalutyo ekufuneka zinikwe kuqala.  Uhlobo lwentsalela kufuneka luhlolisiswe, luhlobo luni lomsebenzi onalo kwaye luhlobo luni lomsebenzi oluza kunikwa.  Siza kuhlalutya iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokubuyiswa kwenkunkuma ezikhoyo: • Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla: oku kulungiswa kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi obizwa ngokuba kukutshiswa kwenkunkuma.  Ngeli xesha lokutshiswa yonke inkunkuma iyatshiswa kwaye ifunyenwe ngexabiso elincinci loku kunye namandla avela kwizinto abanazo.  Kwimeko yenkunkuma yasekhaya, zisetyenziswa ngandlela thile ngokuxhomekeke kumanqanaba okusebenza kwamandla kwinkqubo.  Kuya kufuneka sivavanye ukuba ngaba amandla esiwasebenzisayo ukutshisa le nkunkuma angaphezulu okanye mancinci kunalawo siza kuwenza kunye nokutshisa ngokwako.  Enye yezibaso ezifumaneke kule nkqubo zizibaso ezifumanekayo (CSR).  Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo: luhlobo lokufumana kwakhona apho kufunyanwa khona izinto ezintsha.  Kunokuthiwa kufana nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwenza imveliso ezintsha.  Siyakhumbula ukuba, ukuba sinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingavunyelwanga, siza kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo zendalo (ikhonkco) kunye neempembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.  Ngesi sizathu, olunye lwamaxabiso abaluleke kakhulu kukuxabisa kwezinto eziphathekayo.  Kolu hlobo lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, izinto ezixabisekileyo kukupakisha okulula, iphepha, ikhadibhodi, izinto eziceliweyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo.  Ngezi zixhobo kuvavanywa ukuba ngaba uhlobo oluthile lomgquba okanye lokugaya i-anaerobic lunokwenziwa.  Njengokhetho lokugqibela, ukuba akukho ndlela yimbi yokufumana kwakhona le nkunkuma, zithunyelwa kwindawo ezilahliweyo apho ziphela zilahlwa khona.  Olu khululo kufuneka lukhuseleke kwaye amanyathelo athile kufuneka amkelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.  Ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma eSpain Ilizwe lethu liqhube izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezibonisa indlela amazwe e-European Union alawula ngayo inkunkuma yasezidolophini.  Kwezi zifundo, iipesenti zenkunkuma ezimiselwe ukwenza umgquba, ukutshisa, ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nokugcwaliswa komhlaba.  Indawo nganye ikhethelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkunkuma.  Into yokuqala evavanyiweyo ngenkunkuma nganye kukuwaxabisa ukuze ufumane inzuzo kuwo.  Kwimeko apho kungekho luhlobo lwezoqoqosho okanye oluvelisiweyo lunokufunyanwa, inkunkuma imiselwe ukugcwaliswa komhlaba okulawulwayo apho kunokukhutshwa khona kuphela i-biogas.  ISpain, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe afana neJamani, iDenmark okanye iBelgium yabela ipesenti enkulu yayo yonke inkunkuma kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.  Le pesenti ikwi-57%.  Njengoko ubona, liphezulu kakhulu inani.  Injongo yolawulo lwenkunkuma oluchanekileyo kukwenza okuninzi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo.  ISpain ayinalo ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkunkuma malunga noku.  Olu phononongo lukwaveze ukuba yi-9% kuphela yenkunkuma eya kutshiswa.  Ngale datha kunokugqitywa kwelokuba iSpain ayithathi thuba lamandla aqulethwe kule nkunkuma kwaye isebenzisa izinto zokwenza izinto ezintsha ezinokuthi zithathelwe indawo zezi zinto ziphinda zisetyenziswe.  Ukufunyanwa kwenkunkuma yindlela esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo kuba inokunika ixabiso kwezoqoqosho.  Kufuneka sibe nombono woosomashishini apho inkunkuma inganiki sibonelelo, ingasayi kuphinda isetyenziswe okanye iphinde iphinde isetyenziswe.  Ngesi sizathu, kufuneka ucinge ukuba ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma sisixhobo soqoqosho.

Xa siphulukana nenkunkuma yethu kwizikhongozelo ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha, sizama ukulawula ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa lonke ulwazi olunokubakho. Umthamo ngokubanzi wenkunkuma eqinileyo edolophini (i-MSW) esiyivelisayo iya isiba phezulu. Malunga ne-25 yezigidi zeetoni zenziwa ngonyaka. Uninzi lwezi nkunkuma lunokuxabiswa kwaye lufumaneke. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye azinako ukwahlulwa ngokulula kwaye wayesazi ukuba ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunzima kakhulu. Ukuthintela ukuba uninzi lwenkunkuma luya kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, kwenziwa iinzame zokufumana indlela yokuyilawula. Yile nto siyibizayo Ukufunyanwa kwenkunkuma.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ukubuyiswa kwenkunkuma, kubaluleke kangakanani kwaye kwenziwa njani.

Yintoni ukubuyiswa kwenkunkuma

Unyango lwenkunkuma

Kwinani elikhulu lenkunkuma yasezidolophini eqinileyo esiyivelisayo ekupheleni konyaka, ngeenxa zonke iipesenti ezingama-40 zinokufunyanwa ngokugqibeleleyo. Sithetha ngenkunkuma eyahlulwe yodwa kwizikhongozelo zokuqokelela okanye izikhongozeli zokurisayikilisha. Nje ukuba ezi nkunkuma zahlulwe emthonjeni wazo, zasiwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca inkunkuma. Kulapho banokunyangwa khona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye banike ubomi obutsha kunye nokudityaniswa kwenkunkuma njengemveliso entsha.

Ngokomzekelo, Izinto ezintsha zokuvelisa zingafunyanwa ngeglasi, iplastiki, iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi yenkunkuma. Kwelinye icala, enye i-60% yayo yonke inkunkuma esiyivelisayo ekupheleni konyaka akukho lula kangako ukwahlulahlula kwaye ukubuyisa kwayo kunzima kakhulu. Njengoko zingakulungelanga ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona, kuya kufuneka zisiwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma. Kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma abanabo obunye ubomi obuluncedo, kodwa bayangcwatywa. Ekuphela kwento enokusetyenziswa kwezi ntsalela kukukhutshwa kwe- biogas eziveliswayo ngexesha lokubola kwayo ngeentsholongwane ze-anaerobic.

Ukuthintela ukuba uninzi lwale nkunkuma lingenayo indawo emiselweyo kuphela iphelela kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, kwenziwa iinzame zokufumana indlela yokuyilawula ukuze ufumane izibonelelo kuyo. Oku kukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma.

Inkcazo esemthethweni yokufumana kwakhona inkunkuma inokufumaneka Umyalelo ka-2008/98 / EC ngenkunkuma kwaye oku kulandelayo:

Umsebenzi ojolise kweyona njongo iphambili yokuba inkunkuma inokusebenza ngenjongo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha ezinye izinto ebezinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Imalunga nokulungiselela indawo yokuhlala ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi othile, kokubini kumaziko nakuqoqosho ngokubanzi.

Iindidi zokubuyiswa kwenkunkuma

Ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma

Xa ujonga ixabiso elitsha elinokubakho kwintsalela, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nohlalutyo ekufuneka lunikwe kuqala. Uhlobo lwentsalela kufuneka luhlolisiswe, luhlobo luni lomsebenzi onalo kwaye luhlobo luni lomsebenzi oluza kunikwa. Siza kuhlalutya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma ezikhoyo:

  • Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla: Oku kuchacha kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi obizwa ngokuba kukutshiswa kwenkunkuma. Ngeli xesha lokutshiswa yonke inkunkuma iyatshiswa kwaye ifunyenwe ngexabiso elincinci loku kunye namandla avela kwizinto abanazo. Kwimeko yenkunkuma yasekhaya, zisetyenziswa ngandlela thile ngokuxhomekeke kumanqanaba okusebenza kwamandla kwinkqubo. Kuya kufuneka sivavanye ukuba ngaba amandla esiwasebenzisayo ukutshisa le nkunkuma mkhulu okanye mncinci kunalawo siza kuwenza kunye nokutshisa ngokwako. Enye yezibaso ezifumaneke kule nkqubo zizibaso ezifumanekayo (CSR).
  • Ukubuyiswa kwezinto: luhlobo lwe-valorization apho kufunyanwa khona izinto ezintsha. Kunokuthiwa kufana nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwenza imveliso ezintsha. Siyakhumbula ukuba, ukuba sinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, siya kube sinciphisa ukuxhaphaza kakhulu zendalo  nefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngesi sizathu, olunye lwamaxabiso abaluleke kakhulu kukuxabisa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kolu hlobo lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, izinto ezixabisekileyo kukupakisha okulula, iphepha, ikhadibhodi, izinto eziceliweyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Ngezi zinto kuvavanywa ukuba ngaba uhlobo oluthile lomgquba okanye lokugaya ukutya kwe-anaerobic lunokwenziwa.

Njengokhetho lokugqibela, ukuba akukho ndlela yimbi yokufumana kwakhona le nkunkuma, zithunyelwa kwindawo ezilahliweyo apho ziphelela khona. Olu khululo kufuneka lukhuseleke kwaye amanyathelo athile kufuneka amkelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma eSpain

inkunkuma yokwakha

Ilizwe lethu liqhube izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezibonisa indlela amazwe e-European Union ayilawula ngayo inkunkuma yasezidolophini. Kwezi zifundo, iipesenti zenkunkuma ezimiselwe ukwenza umgquba, ukutshisa, ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nokugcwaliswa komhlaba. Indawo nganye ikhethelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkunkuma. Into yokuqala evavanyiweyo ngenkunkuma nganye kukuwaxabisa ukuze ufumane inzuzo kuwo. Kwimeko apho kungabikho hlobo lwenzuzo yezoqoqosho okanye evelisiweyo enokuthi ifumaneke, inkunkuma ibhekiswe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma elawulwayo apho kunokukhutshwa khona kuphela i-biogas.

ISpain, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe afana neJamani, iDenmark okanye iBelgium yabela ipesenti enkulu yayo yonke inkunkuma kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Le pesenti ikwi-57%. Njengoko ubona, liphezulu kakhulu inani. Injongo yolawulo lwenkunkuma oluchanekileyo kukwenza okuninzi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo. ISpain ayinalo ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkunkuma malunga noku. Olu phononongo lukwaveze ukuba yi-9% kuphela yenkunkuma eya kutshiswa.

Ngale datha kunokugqitywa ukuba iSpain ukungasebenzisi amandla afumaneka kwezi nkunkuma kunye nokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezingasetyenziselwa ezi zinto zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Ukufunyanwa kwenkunkuma yindlela esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo kuba inokunika ixabiso kwezoqoqosho. Kufuneka sibe nombono woosomashishini apho inkunkuma inganiki sibonelelo, ingasayi kuphinda isetyenziswe okanye iphinde isetyenziswe. Ngesi sizathu, kufuneka ucinge ukuba ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma sisixhobo soqoqosho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nobuchwephesha bokubuyisa inkunkuma.


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