Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwamandla omoya

Ukuhlalutya ukubaluleka kwamandla omoya kwicandelo lezamandla lehlabathi, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo lonke unxibelelwano kwikhonkco ziyafuneka ukwenza igugu kwisithsaba, i-injini yomoya edumileyo ezenza iifama zomoya, irhamncwa lobuchwephesha kwindaleko yangoku.

Emva koko siza kuchaza ukuba zisebenza njani ezi fama zomoya. Ngaphandle kwe ukubaluleka okukhulu kwamandla avelisiweyo kubo ebomini bethu, kwaye njengenye indlela engaphezulu kokufutshane.

Ukusebenza kwefama yomoya

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe Injini ye-1 MW efakwe kwifama yomoya inokufikelela thintela iitoni ezingama-2000 zekhabhon dayoksayidi (CO2), ukuba umbane ovelisiweyo ukhutshiwe zizityalo zombane.

Ngokuthathela ingqalelo onke amakhonkco kwikhonkco, amandla kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko Zombini zokwenza Ngokuphathelene nokudilizwa kweeinjini zomoya, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba ibhalansi yamandla asetyenzisiweyo inomdla.

Umjikelo wobomi weeinjini zomoya nawo uyafundwa. A Injini yomoya eyi-2,5 MW, ngobomi obusebenzayo malunga neminyaka engama-20 phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo, inako ukuvelisa ukuya kuma-3.000 MW ngonyaka, eyoneleyo ukusetyenziswa kweenxa zonke I-1.000 ukuya kwi-3.000 yamakhaya (kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso) ngonyaka. Ubomi obuluncedo beinjini yomoya buqikelelwa phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25.

Ungahlula "encinci " Iinjini yomoya (ukusuka kumashumi ambalwa eewati ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 KW) esetyenziselwa i ukumpompa amanzi okanye ukubonelela ngombane kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, zoomatshini bomoya abomeleleyo (ukusuka kwi-50 KW ukuya kwi-5 MW) edityaniswe kuthungelwano lombane, ezizezona ziphuhliswayo. Ezi zokugqibela zihlala ziphinde zahlanganiswa kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yiyo Ipaki ye-eolico.

Phantse zonke iiinjini zomoya ezivelisa umbane iqulathe irotor ngamacangci okanye iincakuba ezijikeleza ijikeleze iasi enqamlezileyo. Yi le eqhotyoshelwe kwindibano yokuhambisa oomatshini okanye ukuphindaphinda kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuya ku Umbane wombane, Zombini zibekwe eqongeni zinqunyanyisiwe phezulu kwinqaba.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubude blade Kuya kuthatha isigqibo sokuvelisa amandla angaphezulu okanye amancinci okanye isantya, kuba ikhulu Indawo ethe tshitshilili iya kufikelela Kwaye kuyabonakala ukuba iya kuvelisa ukwanda kwamandla.

Ukubaluleka kwamandla omoya

• Abagxeki beefama zomoya kumazwe ahambele phambili bahlala bephikisana malunga ungcoliseko olubonakalayo, ingxolo yayo nokuba imveliso yayo ayonelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla. Inkqubo ye- amandla omoya Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo njengomthombo wamandla omtsha, amandla acocekileyo, aguqukayo kwaye ayancedisana nezinye iintlobo zemveliso.

• Ngokuphathelele ukungonwabi enokubangela, ziya kuhlala zininzi isezantsi kunezo zibangelwa zezinye iintlobo zamandla Njengaye, umzekelo, njengamalahle okanye amandla enyukliya.

• Masingakulibali ukuba ukuba ngamandla aveliswa ngumoya, kunye nentshukumo yawo, ngamandla e-kinetic ke ngoko ayingcolisi, kwaye ke Elinye lawona mandla acocekileyo Yintoni esinokuyifumana.

Umceli mngeni wekamva fumana isiseko samandla esinexabiso eliphantsi, esingangcolisiyo, esinokuhlaziywa kwaye sifikeleleke yabo bonke amazwe ehlabathi (kunzima ngee-lobbies phaya), evumela uthutho, amashishini kunye namakhaya ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka esinako kwioyile namhlanje, kwaye kubonakala ngathi amandla omoya yenye yeendlela ezizezona zilungileyo kule nkalo.

Eyona fama yomoya inkulu eSpain ise-El Andévalo (Huelva)

Spain, njengoko injalo ubuvulindlela kunye nelizwe eliphambili ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla omoya, nangona kule minyaka idlulileyo ukufakwa kweepaki ezintsha kumile. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuqhayisa ngokuba nefama yomoya enkulu kwilizwekazi laseYurophu.

Sisakhiwo esine-El Andévalo, esine i-292 MW yayo Amandla agqitywa kuphela yipaki yaseWhitelee, eScotland, efikelela kuma-322. Into enomdla kukuba bobabini ngabenkampani enye, kwaye yiSpanish, i-Iberdrola ehlaziyiweyo, kwaye zombini zineeinjini ezivela kwinkampani yaseBasque iMidlaloa.

Xa i-Andévalo yayingumnini kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, inkampani yadibanisa indawo yayo inkokeli yamandla amandla omoya kokubini eAndalusia, kunye nama-851 MW, nakwiSpain iphela, nge-5.700 MW.

Uphi iAndévalo?

Ime phakathi koomasipala baseHuelva e-El Almendro, Alosno, San Silvestre nasePuebla de Guzmán, emazantsi eli phondo laseAndalusi. Ubunzima, oqale Qalisa ngo-2010Yenziwe ziifama zomoya ezisibhozo: iMajal Alto (50 MW), iLos Lirios (48 MW), i-El Saucito (30 MW), i-El Centenar (40 MW), iLa Tallisca (40 MW), iLa Retuerta (38 MW) , Las Cabezas (18 MW) kunye neValdefuentes (28 MW).

Lilonke, le 292 MW sele ikhankanyiwe, evumela imveliso yombane yonyaka yesityalo esikhulu ukubonelela ngamakhaya ayi-140.000 kwaye kubalwa ukuba kuthintela ukukhutshwa iatmosfera akukho nto ingaphantsi I-510.000 itoni ye-CO2.

KwakungoFebruwari 2010 xa UIberdrola Renovales ithathe ubunini bayo yonke le nto. Ifama yomoya eLos Lirios yayiyeyokugqibela eyathi yayifumana, kwintengiso yefama yomoya kunye nemvumelwano yokuthenga eAndalusia etyikityiwe ne Gamesa. Umsebenzi, oyinxalenye yesivumelwano esatyikitywa ziinkampani zombini ngo-2005 kwintengiso yeefama zomoya eAndalusia. Lakhe Iindleko zokugqibela zigqithile kwizigidi ezingama-320 zeerandi.