Umsi, yintoni, iziphumo zayo nendlela yokulwa nayo

Amaxesha amaninzi siphumela ngaphandle, kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci okanye elincinci, sinokubona uhlobo lomsi emoyeni apho uninzi lwethu luchaza ngempazamo njengenkungu ekhanyayo. Ngumsi owaziwayo okanye umsi wephotoochemical.

Umsi ayikho enye into ngaphandle ungcoliseko lomoya echaphazela kakubi impilo yethu. Okulandelayo, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni kanye kanye umsi, uveliswa njani, iziphumo zawo kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezinokubangela umdla.

Yintoni umsi?

Umsi sisiphumo se izixa ezikhulu zongcoliseko lomoyangakumbi kumsi ovuthayo, nangona kunjalo kungenxa ye- Ukukhupha igesi eveliswa yimizi-mveliso okanye yimizi-mveliso nangeemoto.

Oko kukuthi, umsi lilifu elenziwe ngu ngcoliseko lwendalo kwaye ifumana eli gama kuba lifana nelifu elimdaka, amagama esiNgesi afuna ukwenza isiqhulo ukunika isiteketiso kwinkungu ethe kwaye bawahlanganisile amagama Ukutshaya (umsi) kunye Inkungu (Inkungu).

Iveliswa njani ifogochemical smog?

Ngoku, ukuqonda ukuba eli lifu okanye ungcoliseko lwenzeka njani, ndiza kuzama ukuyicacisa ngendlela elula.

Los ezona zinto zingcolisayo ezivelisa umsi zii-nitrogen oxides (NOx), i-ozone (O3), i-nitric acid (HNO3), i-nitratoacetyl peroxide (PAN), i-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ngentla.

Enye into ebalulekileyo yile ukukhanya kwelanga kuba ivelisa ii-radicals zasimahla eziqala iinkqubo zekhemikhali zokwenza eli lifu.

Ngenxa ye-NO2, ngamanye amaxesha inokubonakala iorenji ngombala nangona Okuqhelekileyo ngumbala ongwevu. Omnye wemizekelo ebalaseleyo sisibhakabhaka sase China okanye sase Japan.

Ukuqokelelwa kweegesi ezichazwe apha ngasentla zezona zinto zibangela ukuyilwa komsi "njengelifu" kwaye xa kudityaniswa nexesha uxinzelelo oluphezulu, Ibangela umoya omileyo ukwenza inkungu endaweni yokuba yenziwe ngamathontsi amanzi, yenziwe ngumoya ongcolileyo, kukhokelela kubungozi obunobungozi, obucaphukisayo kwaye kwezinye iimeko zomoya onetyhefu.

Yonke le nto yaziwa njenge umsi wephotochemical eqhelekile kwizixeko kwaye ndijolise kuzo kweli nqaku, kodwa njengedatha efundisayo, kuphela ukunika ingxelo yokuba kukho uhlobo oluyingozi ngakumbi lomsi, kwaye umsi onesulphurous.

Oku kungathatha imvula eneasidi kunye nenkungu.

Iziphumo kwindalo esingqongileyo

Kucacile ukuba kwelinye icala kubalulekile ifuthe kwimbonakalo yomhlaba ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:

• Utshintsho lwakho, kuba ukungcola emoyeni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kuchaphazela ukukhula kwendalo.

Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokuba i-smog iyancipha kakhulu ukubonakala.

Kwizixeko ezinomsi ophezulu, umgama ukusuka umbono uncitshisiwe ukuya kumashumi eemitha ezimbalwa.

Ukongeza, umbono wobunzulu awubonakalisi nje ngokuthe tye, kodwa ukwenza ngokuthe nkqo, okwenza kube nzima ukubona isibhakabhaka.

Umsi ogqithisileyo uthetha ukuba akukho mafu, akukho sibhakabhaka sicacileyo okanye ubusuku obuneenkwenkwezi, sisigqubuthelo esimthubi-ngwevu okanye orenji ngaphezulu kwethu.

• Enye impembelelo ebangelwa ngumsi utshintsho kwimozulu yendawo.

Iziphumo zinokuba:

• Ukunyuka kobushushu nangona izehlo zemitha yelanga zinzima ngakumbi sisithintelo somsi.

Ubushushu obuveliswe ngaphakathi abunakho ukuphuma ngaphandle ngenxa yokufumba kweegesi ezibangela ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu.

• Imvula itshintshiwe ukusukela ukungcola kunye namasuntswana ekumisweni kwekhabhoni kubangela ukuhla kwemilinganiselo yemvula.

Apha ibinzana le-whiting eluma umsila wayo lilunge kakhulu kuba ukuba sinengxaki yokutshaya akuyi kubakho mvula, kwaye ngaphandle kwemvula okanye umoya, akunakwenzeka ukuba silwe ngendlela yendalo ngumsi.

Iziphumo zempilo

Sele ndikhankanyile ukuba umsi udala isithintelo esinobungozi, esicaphukisayo nesiyityhefu, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba ziziphi na iziphumo kwimpilo yethu.

• Bonke abantu abahlala esixekweni "esingcolileyo" banikiwe Ukucaphukisa amehlo kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumlaOko kukuthi, umqala kunye nempumlo.
• Nangona kunjalo, abantwana nabantu abadala ngabona basemngciphekweni yi-sulfur dioxide, i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-nitrogen dioxide, ukongeza kwi abantu abaneengxaki zemiphunga njenge-emphysema, isifuba okanye i-bronchitis okanye abantu abane izifo zentliziyo.
• Abantu abanayo utywala Banokulumkisa ukuba mandundu ngenxa yongcoliseko, ngakumbi xa okusingqongileyo kulayishwe ngakumbi okanye ngeentsuku zemvula xa zonke izinto ezingcolisayo zibekiwe.
• Inokubangela ukuphefumla kancinci, umqala obuhlungu, ukukhohlela, kunye nokwehla kwamandla emiphunga kwizixeko ezikhulu.
• Inokubangela i-anemia Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwala magesi, ngakumbi ikhabhon monoksayidi (CO), ibhloka utshintshiselwano ngeoksijini egazini nasemiphungeni.
• Oku akupheleli apha kuba i-photochemical smog nayo inokuba njalo unobangela wokufa ngaphambi kwexeshaNgapha koko, kukho ityala kwikomkhulu lase-Bhritane apho phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kuye kwasweleka abantu abaninzi, kufezekiswa irekhodi (ukuba kunokubizwa njalo) lokusweleka koku kungcolisayo.

Ukususela ngo-1948 ukuya ku-1962, abantu abangama-5.500 XNUMX babulawa ngumsi eNgilani.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ungcoliseko lomoya luchaphazela abemi abasi-8 kwabali-10 ehlabathini

Izixeko ezinelona nqanaba liphezulu lomsi

Ngokucacileyo i- zimbi izixeko Ngokuphathelele umsi, ngabo abo azinamoya unamandla kwaye ungaguquguqukiyoOko kukuthi, abo bakufuphi nonxweme, kwiintlambo ezivaliweyo ... kunye ne imvula encinci.

Eminye imizekelo yezi zixeko yile:

• Le England ikhankanywe ngasentla, Londres ukhe wehlelwa yinto enzima ngaphambili kwi-smog, yiyo loo nto imimiselo nemigaqo eyahlukeneyo ibikhona bebephucula umoya, ukudala imimandla engenamsi, ukuthintela amashishini athile kunye nokuthintela izithuthi ukuba zingene kwindawo yedolophu, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
• Emva koko sinayo Los AngelesKuba luxinzelelo olujikelezwe ziintaba, ke umsi owenzayo kunzima kakhulu ukubaleka. Ungayichazanga eyokuba sesinye sezixeko ezingcolisa umoya kwaye ayikenzi lukhulu ukunciphisa inqanaba lokungcola kunye nokwenziwa komsi.
• ISantiago neMexicoBanengxaki yokuba akukho moya uvuthuzayo kwaye zizixeko ezivaliweyo.

Ukubekwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, umoya obandayo ugcina umsi wefotochemical "ubambelele".

• Amazwe apho amalahle ngumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla kwaye ayaphuhliswa njenge iTshayina okanye ezinye Amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu, umsi useyingxaki enkulu.

Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, amazwe ahambele phambili Baye bakhula Ukucoca kunye neenkqubo zolawulo yamalahle avelisa le “nkungu” inetyhefu okanye umsi, ngenxa yoko izehlo zayo zincinci.

Emva koko, ndikushiya ividiyo enemifanekiso apho isibonisa khona isixeko saseBeijing, China, ngombala obomvu ngenxa yomsi.

Ukulwa nomsi wefotochemical

Kule mpi sinamacala amathathu, i Oorhulumente kunye neenkampani ezinkulu, i Abemi kwaye yeyakho indalo.

Okokuqala, umsi unokulwa ngokugqibeleleyo nomama uhloboEnkosi ngemvula nomoya, iyacoca kwaye ivuselele umoya osingqongileyo.

Ngesi sizathu, kuqheleke ngakumbi ukuba umsi ubonakale kwiindawo apho kukho umoya omncinci okanye ongenamoya kwaye apho kuna imvula encinci, kwaye kunjalo, ungcoliseko oluphezulu.

Ukuba indalo "ngamandla" ayo ohlaziyo lomoya ingajongana nomsi kwaye iphumelele amadabi, Athini indima adlalwa ngamanye amacala ama-2?

Elula, kwiimeko ezininzi apho ingqokelela yezi zinto zingcolisayo kunye nokwakheka kwe-smog kwenzeka, kungenxa yokuba indalo ayisenazo izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze ube nakho ukumelana nenqanaba eliphezulu lokungcola.

Kwaye, kwezi meko, apho Oorhulumente kunye neenkampani ezinkulu.

Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho Bangunobangela wokuba izixeko ziqhubeke nokugcwalisa umsi kuba zezona zivumela ukungcolisa ukungcola, uninzi lwazo luveliswa yimizi-mveliso kunye nezityalo ezivelisa imveliso.

Yiyo Abemi abo kuthi, ngokunikela ngengqolowa yethu yesanti, banokunceda indalo ukulwa nomsi.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, omnye woonobangela bokuvela kwemsi ngumsi oveliswa ziimoto, izithuthuthu, iilori kunye neendlela zothutho ngokubanzi.

Kucacile ukuba ingqolowa yesanti endibhekisa kuyo ziindlela kuthintele ukuqhubeka nokufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwe-smog kunye nongcoliseko.

Ndithetha ngokuchanekileyo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ukubheja kwizithuthi zombane, njl. Ngenxa yoko, kukho isiqubulo esihle kakhulu esithi: “Cinga kwihlabathi liphela, yenza indawo yakho!

Njengoko ubona, izijekulo kulula njengokuthatha ibhasi ukuphucula umgangatho womoya, kule nto ukuba songeza ukubekwa kwezithuba eziluhlaza ngakumbi, nokuba ziipaki, uphahla oluhlaza okanye izitiya ezime nkqo, izixeko zinokuphumla kwaye ke nathi.