Iinjini yomoya ethe nkqo

Un injini yomoya ethe nkqo u ukujikeleza kufana nomvelisi wombane osebenzayo Ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya kumatshini oomatshini kunye nakwinjini yomoya kumandla ombane.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili ze ethe nkqo nethe tyaba i-injini yomoya. Abo bane-axis ethe nkqo bayama ngokungadingi indlela yokuqhelaniswa kwaye yintoni umvelisi wombane onokucwangciswa emhlabeni. Kwelinye icala, abo bane-axis ethe tye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye bavumela ukugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezizimeleyo zamandla amancinci ukuya kufakelo kwiifama zomoya ezinkulu.

Siza kungena kwezi zimbini ziphambili, ezinje ngee-injini zomoya ezithe nkqo zikhankanywe ngasentla, nokuba ziyakuba yintoni izindululo ezintsha ezizama ukufumana okuninzi kuyo emoyeni ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Sikwiminyaka embalwa apho iteknoloji iqhubela phambili kwaye sibona izindululo ezitsha ngalo lonke ixesha ezinje ngee-injini zomoya ezingenakuphephela zeprojekthi yeVortex okanye iWind Tree, uhlobo lomthi womatshini ovelisa amandla cwaka.

Yintoni i-injini yomoya ethe nkqo?

I-injini yomoya eyi-axis ethe nkqo ngokuyintloko iyinjini yomoya apho ishafor rotor efakwe kwindawo ethe nkqo kwaye inokuvelisa umbane nokuba umoya uvela kweliphi icala. Uncedo lolu hlobo lwee-injini zomoya ezimileyo kukuba ingavelisa umbane nakwiindawo ezinomoya omncinci Kunye nemimandla yasezidolophini apho imigaqo yokwakha ngokubanzi iyakwalela ukufakelwa kweeinjini zomoya ezithe tyaba.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ii-injini zomoya ezimileyo okanye ezithe nkqo akukho sidingo soqhelwaniso kwaye inokuba yintoni i-generator yombane enokufunyanwa ibekwe emhlabeni. Lakhe imveliso yamandla asezantsi kwaye inezithintelo ezincinci njengoko ifuna ukuqhuba ngemoto ukuze iqhubeke.

Kukho zintathu iindidi zeeinjini zomoya ezimileyo NjengoSavonius, uGiromill noDarrrieus.

Uhlobo lweSavonius

Oku kubonakaliswa ngokuba zenziwe ziisangqa ezimbini Ukufuduka ngokuthe tye kumgama othile, ohamba kuwo umoya, ke oko kuphuhlisa amandla amancinci.

IGiromil

Imele ukuba ne iseti yeencakuba ezithe nkqo ngemivalo emibini kwi-axis ethe nkqo kwaye inika uluhlu lokubonelela ngamandla ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 Kw.

UDarrieus

Yenziwe ngamacala amabini okanye amathathu e-biconvex kwi-axis ethe nkqo emazantsi kunye nomphezulu, ivumela ukuthatha ithuba lomoya ngaphakathi kwebhendi ebanzi. Ingxaki kukuba abajiki ngokwabo kwaye bafuna iRotonius rotor.

Isebenza njani i-injini yomoya ethe nkqo?

Kwii-injini zomoya ezime nkqo, iiblade zijikeleza ngamandla aqhuba umoya. Iiinjini zomoya ezime nkqo, ngokungafaniyo nezithe tyaba, zihlala zilungelelaniswe nomoya. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba loluphi ulwalathiso olufanayo kuba banokusebenza nokuba umoya uvuthuza ngesantya esisezantsi. Uncedo lwezi nkampani zomoya ezime nkqo kukuba zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu kuneeinjini zomoya ezithe tyaba. Ukuba zincinci, zivelisa amandla amancinci. Nangona kunjalo, bayakwazi ukufudumeza ikhaya, banazo zonke izibane zangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokutshaja kwakhona ibhetri yemoto yombane.

Ii-injini zomoya ezithe nkqo

Abo bane-axis ethe tye baba Eyona isetyenzisiweyo kwaye zezona sinokuzifumana kwezo fama zomoya zinkulu apho olu hlobo loomatshini bomoya abanokusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwe-1 Mw yamandla.

Ngumatshini ojikelezayo ngokusisiseko apho intshukumo iveliswa ngamandla e-kinetic omoya xa isebenza kwirotor edla ngokuba neebhleyidi ezintathu. Intshukumo yokujikeleza evelisiweyo iyasasazwa kwaye iphindaphindwe ngesantya sokuphindaphinda kumvelisi onoxanduva lokuvelisa amandla ombane.

Onke la macandelo bemi phezu kwegondola Ibekwe phezu kwenqaba yenkxaso. Zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokufunyanwa kwimimandla ethile yelizwe lethu zidweba indawo eyahlukileyo kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba kodwa zibonelela ngamandla acocekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.

Injini nganye yomoya inayo microprocessor enoxanduva lokulawula kunye nokulawula ukuqala kwayo, ukusebenza kunye nokucima izinto eziguquguqukayo. Oku kuthatha lonke olu lwazi kunye nedatha kwiziko lolawulo lofakelo. Nganye yezi turbine zomoya zibandakanya, emazantsi enqaba, kwikhabhathi enazo zonke izinto zombane (iitshintshi ezizenzekelayo, abaguquli bangoku, abakhuseli bevoltage, njlnjl. amanqaku.

Amandla afunyenwe kwimoya yomoya kuxhomekeke kumandla omoya ogqitha kwirotor kwaye ngokuthe ngqo ulingana nobuninzi bomoya, indawo itshayelwe ziincakuba zayo kunye nesantya somoya.

Ukusebenza kweinjini yomoya luphawulwa ligophe lamandla alo Oko kubonisa uluhlu lwezantya zomoya onokuthi usebenze kuwo kunye namandla afunekayo kwimeko nganye.

Loluphi uhlobo lomoya osebenza kakuhle?

Xa kuziwa ekusebenzeni kwamandla, ii-injini zomoya ezithe tyaba ziyawuphumelela umdlalo. Kwaye banakho ukufikelela kwisantya sokujikeleza okuphezulu, yiyo loo nto befuna ibhokisi yebhokisi enexabiso eliphantsi lokujikeleza okuphindaphindayo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo lwezi injini zomoya kufuneka zenziwe phezulu kakhulu Isantya somoya esandisiweyo sisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala. Kwimaleko ephezulu yomoya, isantya somoya siphezulu kuba singenalo naluphi na uhlobo lomqobo.

Zeziphi izinto ezingalunganga ngee-injini zomoya ze-VAWT?

Ukungancedi kwezi ntlobo zeinjini zomoya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ixabiso lokuqala lofakelo liphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuba kufuneka kwindawo apho kungekho moya mkhulu rhoqo, amathuba anjalo awukwazi ukufumana amandla.
• Unokufumana iingxaki nabamelwane ngenxa yengxaki yengxolo.
• Ii-Turbines zihlala zisebenza kuphela kumthamo omalunga ne-30%.

Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bomoya kunye nembali

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane osuka emoyeni sele kusetyenziswa iijikelezo zomoya kwizindlu ezizimeleyo ezikhoyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.

Kodwa eyona ibheja ngokwenene kule teknoloji kwii-70s yayiyiDenmark. Le nyani yavumela eli lizwe ukuba libe njalo omnye wabenzi abaphambili Olu hlobo lomoya weinjini yomoya njengoko kunjalo ngeVestas kunye neNokia Wind Wind Power.

Sele ngo-2013, amandla omoya ivelise ilingana ne-33% Ukusetyenziswa kombane xa uwonke, ngama-39% ngowama-2014. Ngoku injongo yaseDenmark kukufikelela kuma-50% ngowama-2020 nangama-2035 84%.

Utshintsho oluveliswe leli lizwe ngenxa yokukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-CO2 Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70, amandla ahlaziyekayo aba yeyona nto iphambili kweli lizwe. Oku kukhokelele ekwehleni kokuxhomekeka kwamandla kwamanye amazwe kunye nokwehliswa kongcoliseko lwehlabathi.

Imbali yayikukufakwa eDenmark Iinjini yomoya yokuqala efikelele kwi-2 MW. Isityalo esinamandla sasine-tubular tower kunye neencakuba ezintathu. Yakhiwa ngootishala nabafundi besikolo iTvindind. Kwaye into enomdla ngeli bali kukuba abo "bathandiweyo" bahlekiswa ngemini yabo ngaphambi kokumiselwa. Kude kube namhla i-injini yomoya isasebenza kwaye inoyilo olufana kakhulu noomatshini bomoya banamhlanje.

Ikamva loomatshini bomoya

Kude kube namhla, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ziyaqhubeka nokuvela phucula usetyenziso yamandla omoya. Ngo-2015, eyona turbine inkulu efakiweyo yayiyiVestas V164 yokusetyenziswa kufutshane nonxweme.

Ngo-2014, ngaphezulu kwe- Iinjini zomoya ezingama-240.000 Zazisebenza ehlabathini, zivelisa iipesenti ezi-4 zombane wehlabathi. Kwi-2014, amandla apheleleyo aphumelela i-336 Gw kunye ne-China, i-United States, iJamani, iSpain ne-Itali njengeenkokheli kufakelo.

Kwaye ayisiyiyo la mazwe kuphela akhulisa inani labo leemowudi zomoya ezimileyo okanye ezithe tye, kodwa ezinye zininzi bajonge indlela yokuzinza ngakumbi Njengakwimeko yaseFrance nge-Eiffel Tower, ethi ngoku ivelise eyayo amandla enkosi kwiinjini zomoya ezisandula ukufakelwa kwaye nezibane ze-LED, iiphaneli zelanga kunye nenkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwamanzi emvula ziya kongezwa ukukhuthaza amandla acocekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.

Kananjalo asinakulibala malunga neenzame ezintsha ngohlobo lwe Oomatshini bomoya abali-157 kwiifama zomoya ezintathu ezintsha eMzantsi Afrika ezakuvela kwisandla somnye wabenzi abakhulu bolu hlobo lwetekhnoloji enje nge Nokia. Baza kongeza phakathi kwesi-3 umthamo we-140 mW kwaye kulindeleke ukuba bafakwe ekuqaleni kuka-2016 ukubonelela ngombane kubantu abakufuphi beli lizwe laseAfrika.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga neeinjini zomoya

Itekhnoloji yee turbines zomoya ezidadayo

Njengoko sinokubona kwifayile ye- Imbali yamandla omoya, umoya wonxweme yaqala ukwanda ngo-2009 xa i-injini yomoya edadayo ye-Hywind yafakwa eNorway ngexabiso elisondele kwi-62 yezigidi zeedola.

IJapan, emva kwentlekele yenyukliya yaseFukushima, iye Uyile ufakelo lwama-80 oomatshini bomoya baselwandle kunxweme olukufuphi ngowama-2020.

I-Vortex Propellerless Wind Turbines

Inkampani yaseSpain ebizwa ngokuba yiDeutecno inayo yenza i-injini yomoya ngaphandle kweendawo ezihambayo ophumelele ibhaso lokuqala kwicandelo lezaMandla kwiNgqungquthela yoMzantsi Afrika yowama-2014.

Ezi turbines zomoya zingahambeliyo baya kuba noxanduva lokususa ezo turbines zomoya zinkulu eguqula ubume obuphezulu naphina apho ifakelwe khona. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya kufana kodwa kukonga kakhulu iindleko, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukugcinwa kwayo kunye nokufakwa kwayo kubiza ixabiso eliphantsi.

Kuya kubakho kwakhona ukunciphisa impembelelo kokusingqongileyo Ngaphandle kwalonto isusa ingxolo eveliswa ziinjini zomoya zemveli.

Itekhnoloji yabo isebenza ngendlela yokuba isebenzisa i-deformation ebangelwe kukungcangcazela ebangelwa ngumoya xa ungena kwisandi kwisilinda emi nkqo engqingqwa kwaye ibambelele emhlabeni.

Elona candelo liphambili leVortex, elilelona lalililo zenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngombane kunye ne-fiberglass okanye ikhabhoni, kunye namandla ombane aveliswa kukuvela kwezi zinto.

U-2016 uya kuba ngunyaka apho iyunithi yokuqala engenasiphene yomoya ilungile.

Umthi womoya

Iprojekthi enobuchule obuntsha nguMthi woMthi ophuhliswa yiNewWind kwaye yiyo yenziwe ngamagqabi angama-72. Inye nganye yiturbine ethe nkqo enemilo etsobhileyo kwaye inobunzima obuncinci obunokuvelisa amandla ngumoya okhanyayo weemitha ezi-2 ngomzuzwana.

Oku kukuvumela ukuvelisa amandla iintsuku ezingama-280 ngonyaka kwaye imveliso yayo iyonke yi-3.1 kW inee-injini zomoya ezingama-72. Iimitha ezili-11 ukuphakama kunye nee-8 zeemitha ububanzi, i-Wind Tree isondele kubukhulu bomthi wokwenene ukuze ilunge ngokugqibeleleyo kuloo ndawo yasezidolophini.

Un iprojekthi ethile kwaye oko kusibeka phambi kwezo nkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha ezifuna indlela yokusebenza ngokukuko kunye nokukwazi ukubonelela ngombane owaneleyo kwigridi yombane yoluntu okanye ukongezwa kwesakhiwo.

Iinxalenye zeinjini yomoya

Iinjini zomoya xa zizonke Banokulinganisa ukuya kuma-200 eemitha ukuphakama kunye neetoni ezingama-20 yobunzima. Ubume bayo kunye nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye zenziwe ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwamandla ukusuka kwisantya se-XNUMX ukuya kwelona liphezulu.

Phakathi kwezinto kunye ne iinxalenye zomoya oqhutywa ngumoyar sine:

Isiseko

Iziseko zomoya oqhutywa ngumoya kufuneka zibenjalo iqhotyoshelwe kakuhle kwisiseko esomeleleyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ii-injini zomoya ezithe tyaba zakhiwe ngesiseko sekhonkrithi esiqinisiweyo esingaphantsi komhlaba esiqhelana nobume bendawo esikuyo kwaye sinceda ukumelana nemithwalo yomoya.

Inqaba

Inqaba yinxalenye yomoya ojikelezayo Ixhasa bonke ubunzima kwaye yiyo egcina iincakuba zingabikho emhlabeni. Yakhelwe ngekhonkrithi eyomeleleyo emazantsi kunye nentsimbi ngaphezulu. Kuqhelekile ukuvumela ukufikelela kwi-gondola. Inqaba inoxanduva lokunyusa i-injini yomoya ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukuthatha isantya esiphezulu somoya. Isinyithi okanye i-fiberglass ejikelezayo i-nacelle incamathele esiphelweni senqaba.

Iincakuba kunye Rotor

Iinjini zanamhlanje zenziwe iincakuba ezintathu njengoko zibonelela ngokugudileyo okukhulu ekujikeni. Iibhleyidi zenziwe ngezinto ezidibeneyo zepolyester ngokuqiniswa kweglasi okanye imicu yekhabhoni. Ezi khompawundi zinika iincakuba ngakumbi ukumelana. Iibhleyitha zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-100 ubude kwaye zixhunyiwe kwi-hub hub. Ndiyabulela kule hub, iincakuba zinokutshintsha i-engile yeziganeko ukuze zisebenzise kakuhle umoya.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-rotors, okwangoku zithe tye kwaye zinokuba namalungu. Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kubekwe kwicala elingumoya kwinqaba. Oku kwenzelwa ukunciphisa imithwalo ejikelezayo kwiibreyidi ezibonakala ukuba ibisezandleni zayo, kuba ukuba ibhleyi ibekwe emva kokuvuka kwenqaba, isantya sesiganeko siya kutshintshwa kakhulu.

Igondola

It is a cubicle apho ungatsho ukuba Igumbi le-injini yeinjini yomoya. I-nacelle ijikeleza kwinqaba ukubeka i-turbine ejongene nomoya. I-nacelle iqulethe i-gearbox, i-shaft ephambili, iinkqubo zolawulo, i-generator, iibhuleki kunye neendlela zokujika.

Ibhokisi yemiyalezo

Umsebenzi we-gearbox kukuba lungisa isantya sokujika ukusuka kwishafti ephambili ukuya kwenye efunekayo kumvelisi.

Umvelisi

Kwiinjini zomoya zanamhlanje zintathu iindidi zoomatshini bomoya ezo zahluka kuphela kukuziphatha komvelisi xa kukwiimeko zesantya somoya esigqithisileyo kwaye kwenziwa iinzame zokuphepha ukugcwala kakhulu.

Phantse zonke iiturbines zisebenzisa enye yezi nkqubo zintathu:

• I-squirrel Cage Induction uMvelisi
• I-biphasic induction generator
• Umatshini wokuvelisa ohambelanayo

Inkqubo yokuqhekeza

Inkqubo elekhtrons yinkqubo yokhuseleko Ineediski ezinceda kwimeko kaxakeka okanye yolondolozo ukumisa ilitye lokusila nokukhusela umonakalo kwizakhiwo.

Inkqubo yokulawula

I-windmill iphelele ilawulwa kwaye yenziwa ngoomatshini yinkqubo yolawulo. Le nkqubo yenziwe ngeekhompyuter ezilawula ulwazi olunikezwe yimimoya yomoya kunye ne-anemometer ebekwe ngaphezulu kwe-nacelle. Ngale ndlela, ngokwazi iimeko zemozulu, ilitye lokusila kunye neebhleyitha zinokujongwa ngcono ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nomoya ovuthuzayo. Lonke ulwazi abalufumanayo malunga nenqanaba leinjini yomoya lunokuthunyelwa ukude kwiseva esembindini kwaye yonke into iphantsi kolawulo. Kwimeko apho isantya somoya okanye iimeko zemozulu zinokonakalisa ukwakheka kweinjini yomoya, ngenkqubo yolawulo unokukhawuleza uyazi imeko kwaye wenze inkqubo yokuqhekeza, oko kuthintele ukonakala.

Enkosi kuwo onke la macandelo omoya ophephela onako yenza amandla ombane avela emoyeni ngendlela evuselelekayo nengangcolisiyo kokusingqongileyo.