Ibhayoloji ihlala ithathwa njengenye yezona sayensi zinkulu kwaye zintsonkothile ezikhoyo namhlanje, umbono ohlala unxulunyaniswa nendlela yoqeqesho kunye nophando, eyahluke ngandlel' ithile kwezinye iinzululwazi ezisisiseko, kufuneka ibe yindibaniselwano yemimandla yokufunda kunye neengcali ezininzi zesayensi ukuchaza. okanye aqalise isiseko sesihloko esithile. Kule meko siza kuhlalutya i-mycology elicandelo lebhayoloji. abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ifunda ntoni i-mycology.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba ngubani ofunda i-mycology, zithini iimpawu zayo kunye nemimandla yophando.
yintoni i-mycology
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, i-mycology inokuchazwa njengesebe lebhayoloji eliphethe uphononongo lwefungi. Ngokuchasene neenkolelo ezithandwayo, umngundo azikho kwaye akufuneki zichazwe njengezityalo. Enyanisweni, kude nenyani, i-fungi inokuchazwa njengezinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic ezineendonga zeeseli ze-chitinous kwaye ziyi-heterotrophs, oko kukuthi, azikwazi ukuvelisa ukutya kwazo ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-chlorophyll okanye iikhompawundi ezifanayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo zihlelwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: igwele okanye i-yeast-like fungi (izinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye) kunye ne-filamentous fungi (izinto eziphilayo ezininzi). Ukongeza kwinto yokuba, ngokungafaniyo nezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, ifungi ayinayo izicubu eziyinyaniso, oko kukuthi, kwininzi yefungi, imizimba yabo yenziwe ngemigca ye-filaments (hyphae) ekhula njengoko ikhula, i-bifurcate ukwenza umzimba womngundo (mycelium), ngoko ke abanamalungu ahlukeneyo okanye izakhiwo ezifana nezinye i-eukaryotes.
Ukuzala kwazo ikakhulu kwenziwa ngeembewu, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengezibolisi zezinto eziphilayo (njengebhaktiriya). Phakathi kwamaqela adumileyo sinokugqamisa i-yeasts, i-fungi kunye ne-molds. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, ukungunda kuhlelwe ngokwerhafu eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana, ngokufanelekileyo ezizezobukumkani beNkanga.
Ngesi siseko, ababhali abaninzi bajonga i-mycology njengentsika eyongezelelweyo yophando kwisayensi yebhayoloji, nangona kunjalo, amaxesha amaninzi i-mycology ijongwa ngokuyinxenye yimigaqo yebhotani kunye ne-microbiology ngenxa yobudlelwane obuthile kunye nokuzalana namanye amacandelo okufunda.
Ifunda ntoni i-mycology?
I-Mycology inokuchazwa njengesebe lebhayoloji elijongene nophononongo lwefungi, ukufunda i-taxonomic kunye ne-anatomical, iimpawu ze-physiological kunye ne-evolution, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ngokuhlukeneyo kwi-ecosystems.
Ngeenjongo ezisebenzayo, uphando lomngundo luye lwanegalelo ngokusebenzayo kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili: isayensi yezempilo kunye nezolimo. Inyaniso, ukusuka ekuqaleni i-specialty eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mycology yonyango yenziwa.
I-mycology yezonyango ngokubanzi ichazwa njengesebe le-mycology elijongene nesifundo sempembelelo kunye nokubaluleka kweefungi ezithile malunga nokusebenzisana kwazo nabantu. Ngaloo ndlela, igxininise ekufundweni kwe-poisonous, i-parasitic okanye i-allergenic fungi, kunye ne-fungi enegalelo elisebenzayo ekuphuhliseni amachiza amatsha okanye iququzelele okanye igalelo kunyango lweendlela ezithile ze-pathological.
Isishwankathelo, lo mmandla wophando uvavanya ukuxilongwa kwe-hypersensitivity kwi-spores (i-allergies), i-mycotoxicity (ukutya i-fungi), i-mycoses (izifo ezibangelwa yi-superficial, subcutaneous okanye i-systemic fungi emzimbeni) kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-allergies. Iyanyanga kwaye inqande usulelo lomngundo. Ngokukwanjalo, ikwajolise ekuphuhliseni amayeza okanye unyango olusekelwe kumngundo, owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo kukusetyenziswa kwepenicillin.
Ngokusekwe kwinkalo yezolimo, ukulinywa kwamakhowa, okwakwaziwa njengokulima amakhowa, ubambe indawo ebalaseleyo kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, Ekubeni amanye amakhowa alinyelwa ukutya kunye neenjongo zemveliso yokupheka ngenxa yeempawu zabo zesondlo kunye neencasa ezahlukeneyo, amakhowa kunye nama-truffles yimizekelo edumileyo kulo mmandla.
Ngapha koko, le ntsimi ikwagxininise ekulinyweni nasekusebenziseni umngundo othile (ofana negwele) ukubilisa ukutya kunye neziselo (ezifana nesonka okanye ibhiya), ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe kwiindidi ezithile zesonka samasi ezenziwe ngokuvundiswa kokungunda.
I-Mycology kwamanye amazwe
Okokugqibela, kwamanye amazwe amakhowa anokubaluleka okuthile kwintlalontle nakwinkcubeko kuba athengiswe, ayalinywa kwaye asetyenziselwa iinjongo ze-psychostimulant. Ngenxa yeepropathi zabo ezizodwa, amakhowa e-hallucinogenic anomdla kwiinkalo zophando kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, Phakathi apho sinokugxininisa i-anthropology, i-psychology okanye i-neurology, ukusukela nangona zithathwa njengezinto zokuqala ze-hallucinogenic ezisetyenziswa ngabantu, iziphumo zabo zemithambo-luvo zisavavanywa kwaye zisavavanywa. ifuthe kwixesha elifutshane, eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukulima kunye nokusetyenziswa kweli mushroom okwangoku kuhlawuliswa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ukuba unomdla kule ndawo, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhangele isebe lezomthetho kwindawo yakho.
Ufunda njani
Njengezinye iingcali kwibhayoloji, icandelo lezifundo zemycology ligutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo yiminyaka emihlanu yokufunda ehambelana nesidanga kwibhayoloji kunye ubungcali babo ngokwahlukeneyo kwinkalo yebhotani kwaye, besilela oko, kwinkalo ye-microbiology.
Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho amanye amaziko aseyunivesithi, ngenxa yobungcali babo kwicandelo lezenzululwazi, elijolise ekuboneleleni abafundi abaphumelele kwisayensi yebhayoloji icandelo le-mycology njengomgca wokutyunjwa, ubungcali okanye isidanga.
amasebe mycology
Mycology yonyango
Kuphononongo lwezifo zezilwanyana kunye nabantu ezibangelwa ngumngundo. Usulelo lomngundo luchaphazela abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kwezinye iimeko lunokuba lubi kakhulu. Kule ntsimi, imiba efana nokuziphatha kwee-pathogens, umjikelo wobomi kunye neempendulo zamamkeli.
Indlela yokusuleleka kunye neempawu zezifo zefungal zifundwa. Ukusabela komzimba kuye kwaphononongwa kwaye unyango olunokwenzeka luye lwacetyiswa.
mycology yezolimo
I-mycology yezoLimo lufundo lomngundo oluluncedo kwezolimo. Ezi zinto ziphilayo ziyinxalenye yebhayoloji yomhlaba kwaye zibalulekile kuphuhliso lwezityalo.
Kukho inkalo yophando kwinkalo ye-mycorrhizal formation (umbutho weengcambu kunye nefungi). Le symbiosis ibaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izityalo ngokwemvelo. Ukongeza, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali.
Phytopathology
IPhytopathology lelinye lamasebe aphuhliswe kakhulu emycology. Uphononongo lwezifo ezibangelwa ngumngundo kwizityalo. Inxalenye enkulu yokungunda zizitshabalalisi zezityalo, uninzi olubangela izifo ezinzulu. Ezi zifo zokungunda zinoxanduva lwelahleko enkulu kwezolimo.
Kule ntsimi, iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo kunye neempawu ezenzeka kwizityalo zifundwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izicwangciso zonyango kunye nokulawula zicetywayo ukuphepha umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa kukuhlaselwa kwezi fungi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezifundo ze-mycology kunye neempawu zayo.