Baninzi abantu abangazi kakuhle ngubani owenze ukukhanya Nangona kunokuthiwa ngokusesikweni ukuba ukukhanya kombane kwaqanjwa nguThomas Alva Edison, akunjalo kwaphela. Imalunga nomqambi owathi ngo-Okthobha u-22, 1879 waphumelela kwilinge lakhe lokukhanyisa ibhalbhu yombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukutsho ukuba u-Edison ngoyena wasungula ukukhanya kuyayenza lula imizamo yezinye izazinzulu ezinike igalelo elininzi kule nto.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba ngubani owaqamba ukukhanya kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo okuphumeza le feat.
Ngubani owadala ukukhanya
Uninzi lwabantu luthetha ngoThomas Edison xa kuziwa kubani owaqamba ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kulula. Kukho imisebenzi eliqela engaphambili ezimbini ezenze uThomas Edison wakwazi ukugqibezela inkqubo. I-bulb yokuqala yokuqala ka-Edison yahlala iiyure ezili-13 nesiqingatha kuphela. Esi yayisisiqalo senkqubo yokuphucuka okungapheliyo okusizisele umbane esinokuwusebenzisa namhlanje.
U-Edison wayengowokuqala ukwenza i-carbon filament-resistant filament eyayikhanya ngokuhamba kombane kwaye ingabamba. Le filament ibibekwe ngaphakathi ngentsimbi yeglasi. Injongo yayikukusasaza ngokufanelekileyo isibane. Ngale ndlela, u-Edison weza ukudala ibhalbhu yokuqala yombane. Kude kube lelo xesha, ukukhanya kwezitrato kunye nezindlu bekunikwe amandla yigesi, ioyile, iparafini kunye nezinye izinto. Oku kubangele iingxaki zokuphefumla kwabanye abantu kuba igesi kuye kwafuneka itye ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ikhuphe i-carbon dioxide emoyeni.
Nangona kunjalo, kuThomas Edison, njengabo bonke abaqambi, Ixhaswe ngabanye abaninzi abafumeneyo ababengoovulindlela kwicandelo lombane. Ke ngoko, ukuba uThomas Edison ngoyena wasungula ukukhanya kungaphezulu. Omnye wemizekelo yenkqubela phambili yombane yiAlessandro Volta. Wayephethe uyilo lwebhetri yombane, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi. Amagama e-volt kunye ne-voltage ayenziwa ngenxa yozuko lwakhe. Yindoda yokuqala eyayikwazi ukwenza i-filament incandescent xa kudlula okwangoku. Kwaye akayenzanga ngaphantsi konyaka we-1800, okt, iminyaka engama-79 ngaphambi kukaThomas Edison.
Konke oku kwenza uEdison ayingowokuqala ukwenza isibane se-incandescent, kodwa ukuyenza ihlale ixesha elide. Ezinye izazinzulu kunye nabafumanisi abanjengo UHenry Woodward, uMathew Evans, uHumphry Davy, uJames Bowman Lindsay kwaye uninzi lwabanye abasunguli sele benze izibane zolu hlobo. Ngesi sizathu, uEdison uthathe ubuncinci kwimisebenzi engaphambi kwe-22.
Kutheni uEdison evelise ukukhanya
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba uThomas Edison wayengenguye obhaqe ibhalbhu yokukhanyisa, kodwa ngulowo wayila enye eya kuhlala ixesha elifanelekileyo. Sitsho ngokufanayo malunga namandla awasebenzisayo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ngelo xesha kwakungekho mbane uveliswayo uphezulu njenganamhlanje. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwebhalbhu yesibane se-incandescent yayiyinto ethathelwa ingqalelo xa kusenziwa ibhalbhu yokukhanyisa. Okufanayo kuya kukhuseleko. Kwakufuneka kwenziwe ibhalbhu yokukhanyisa ekhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ukuba isetyenziswe.
Iimodeli zangaphambili ezenziweyo azibambanga kakhulu kwaye zifuna amandla ombane amaninzi. Abanye babemfutshane kakhulu kwaye bengazinzanga. U-Edison ke wasungula elona xesha lide, elona xabiso liphantsi nelinokuthenjwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafuneka ukuba akhuphisane nesihloko somvelisi wokukhanya kwiinkundla, kukho abo bangakhange bacinge ukuba wayengowokuqala.
Ukuba sihlalutya abanye abaqambi kunye nokuphefumlelwa kuka-Edison kubo, sinokumangaliswa kwaye siphelise imbono yokuba uEdison nguye owaqulunqa ukukhanya.
UWilliam Sawyer
Imalunga nomqambi wamaNgesi okwaziyo ukuyila isibane se-incandescent esifana neso senziwa nguEdison. Ngapha koko, wayewubhalisile umenzi wechiza kunyaka ongaphambi kwakhe. Oku kuya kwenza uSawyer abe ngumqambi wokwenene wokukhanya. Ukuqinisa oku, i-United States Patent Office yaqaphela, ngo-1883, ukuba umsebenzi ka-Edison wawusekelwe kuSawyer. U-Edison waphikisana nebango eliyintloko iminyaka emithandathu. Ekugqibeleni, ukuphucuka kwabo kumgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi kwamkelwa njengefanelekileyo kwaye benza inkampani edibeneyo yokuphuhlisa nokusasaza imveliso eNgilane. Ngale ndlela, uSawyer no-Edison basindisa amawaka eemfazwe ezisemthethweni.
Phakathi kwezicelo zokuqala zebhalbhu yomqambi wesibane sombane siyabona ukuba sakhanyisa izitrato. Ngokufezekisa ukukhanya okuthembekileyo okungadingi mandla maninzi, yayinesicelo esikhawulezileyo. Kunyaka olandelayo, ngo-1880, i-steamboat Columbia ye-Oregon Railroad kunye nenkampani yokuhamba yavula amagumbi ayo nge-118 Edison bulbs. Ngo-1881, iNew York yayisisixeko sokuqala emhlabeni esinesikhululo sokukhanya kunye namandla, kwaye yaqala ukukhanyiswa ngeebhalbhu zombane, ezaziza kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe zithathe indawo yegesi. Into enomdla kukuba, lIintambo zokuphatha amandla zaziphantsi komhlaba, endaweni yokuphakanyiswa.
Ukuvela kwebhalbhu yesibane
Siyazi ukuba ibhalbhu ebengezelayo eyenziwe ngala maxesha, ikhule ngokwamanqanaba amakhulu ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Iibhalbhu ze-incandescent zinengxaki kude kube kutshanje ukuba kuphela yi-10% yombane eyaguqulwa yaba kukukhanya. Amandla aseleyo asetyenziswe ibhalbhu aguqulwa abe bubushushu. Oku akunakulunga kwimeko yokujonga amandla.
Into abayithathele ingqalelo apha kukuphelisa inkcitho yamandla kunye nokukhuseleka kwee-bulbs. Ngamanye amagama, ibhalbhu ekhanyisiweyo iyashushu kangangokuba ingatshisa yonke into ebekwe kuyo. Siyazi ukuba namhlanje isonjululwe le ngxaki ngokukhanyisa ngamandla kwe-LED.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nobani owasungula ukukhanya kunye nayo yonke imbali yayo.