Yinto abantu abaninzi abaye bazibuza ngayo kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo awulungiswanga kakuhle, kuba umbane uvela kwindalo, ngoko awuzange uqanjwe mntu. Yintoni eyathatyathwa yaya kwelinye inqanaba ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokubonelela ngobusuku obumnyama. Siyakuhlonipha uku ngubani ofumene umbane, kukho izinto ezininzi eziphosakeleyo ezisasazwa ziinethiwekhi nangomlomo.
Kweli nqaku siza kucacisa onke amathandabuzo kwaye siphikise ezinye iinkolelo eziphosakeleyo ezikhoyo kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ngubani ofumene umbane ngokwenene? Qhubeka ufunda kuba sikuxelela yonke into ngokweenkcukacha.
Imbali yombane
Abanye bacinga ukuba ukufumanisa umbane nguBenjamin Franklin. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Inyani yinto eyahlukileyo. Kuyinyani ukuba le Franklin yayiqhuba amalinge okufumana umbane, kodwa zanceda kuphela ukudibanisa umbane wabantu ngombane oveliswe kwindalo. Olu nxibelelwano luncede kakhulu kuphuhliso lombane, kodwa ayinguye lowo walifumanayo.
Imbali yombane intsonkothe ngakumbi, kuba yinto entle ukuyazi into enokukubulala kwakamsinya nje ukuba udibane nayo kwaye nakwindalo ibisoyikiswa amawaka eminyaka. Imbali ibuyela umva ngaphezulu kwamawaka amabini eminyaka ubudala.
Sele amaGrike amandulo kwi-600 BC afumanisa ukuba bahlikihla ulusu lwesilwanyana esithile ngentlaka yemithi ibangele uhlobo lomtsalane phakathi kwabo. Le yinto eyaziwa ngokuba ngumbane ongashukumiyo. Ke ngoko, ukususela ngeli xesha uhlobo lombane lwalusaziwa. Mhlawumbi ayisiwo umbane osebenzela ukunika ukukhanya ezixekweni, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba uphando kunye nomnqweno waqala ukuvela apho.
Abanye abaphandi kunye nabembi bezinto zakudala bafumene iinqanawa ezenziwe ngobhedu ezinokusebenza njengeebhetri zokukhanyisa iindawo zamandulo zaseRoma. Ke konke oku kubuyela umva kwangoko kunokuba ucinga.
Sele inkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe kulapho kwafunyanwa ngakumbi ngombane njengoko siwazi namhlanje. Into yokuqala eyenziweyo yayiyile generator yombane, kuba olu hlobo lwamandla lwalusaziwa ngakumbi.
Abaphandi abaliqela ababalulekileyo
Ndiyabulela kulwazi malunga nokusebenza kombane ongashukumiyo, ezinye izinto zinokuhlelwa njengalezo sizaziyo namhlanje: insulators kunye nabaqhubi. Le yayiyinto eyahlukileyo kwaye iphawuleka ngexesha ababekulo. Ndiyabulela kolu phuculo, sikwazile ukuwuphanda ngcono umbane kwizinto eziqhubayo kwaye kamva sakhe izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo ngezinto zokwambathisa.
Ngo-1600, igama 'umbane"nge Ugqirha oliNgesi uWilliam Gilbert kwaye ibhekisa kunyanzeliso olwenziwe zizinto ezithile xa zihlikihla omnye komnye.
Emveni kwalonto, Isazinzulu esiNgesi uThomas Browne Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi apho wachaza lonke uphando alwenzileyo ngokusekelwe kumbane njengokubhekisa kuGilbert.
Kulapho sifika kwinxalenye eyaziwa kakhulu luluntu ngokubanzi. Imalunga noBenjamin Franklin. Ngo-1752 le nzululwazi yayilinga nayo ikayiti, isitshixo kunye nobukho beendudumo. Ngolu vavanyo lwenzululwazi olucingwa ngumntu wonke kukufunyanwa kombane, ibingeyonto ingaphaya komboniso wokuba umbane kunye neentlantsi ezincinci ezatsiba kwikite zazifana.
Kwakungekho kamva kamva I-volta yeAlessandro ifumanise ezinye zeekhemikhali ezinokubangela ukuveliswa kombane. Ngombulelo koluvavanyo kunye ne-chemistry kube nakho ukwenza iseli ye-voltaic ngo-1800. Le seli iyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane oqhubekayo. Ke ngoko kunokuthiwa uVolta wayengumphandi wokuqala okwaziyo ukwenza ukuhamba rhoqo kwentlawulo yombane namandla. Uye wasebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe kwabanye abaphandi malunga nezihlanganisi zerhafu ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Yiyo ke le nto wenza i-voltage kuwo.
Umbane wale mihla
Sele sisondela ekufumaneni umbane njengoko siwazi namhlanje. Ngo-1831 umbane waba luncedo kwitekhnoloji ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwe UMichael Faraday. Esi sazinzulu sikwazi ukwenza i-dynamo yombane. Isivelisi samandla kwaye sincedile ukusombulula ezinye iingxaki ngokuvelisa umbane ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngokufumanisa kukaFaraday, UThomas Edison wayenobumba bokuqala be-incandescent bulb light kwi-platter Kulapho i-bulb yokukhanya njengoko siyazi namhlanje yazalwa khona. Iibhalbhu zazisele zenziwe ngabanye, kodwa i-incandescent yayiyeyokuqala enesixhobo esisebenzayo nesisebenzisekayo sokukhanyisa iiyure ezininzi.
Kwelinye icala, isazinzulu uJoseph Swan naye wenza enye Ibhalbhu efudumeleyo Kwaye, bekunye, benza inkampani apho bavelisa isibane sokuqala se-incandescent. Ezi zibane zisebenzise ngokuthe ngqo ukubonelela ukukhanya kwizibane zokuqala zombane ezitalatweni zaseNew York ngoSeptemba 1882.
Ngubani Ngokwenene Ofumene Umbane?
Sele sele kuqale i-1900 injineli uNikola Tesla uthathe kuye ukuguqula amandla abe yinto yorhwebo ngokupheleleyo. Wayesebenza kunye no-Edison kwaye kamva waqulunqa iiprojekthi zombane zenguqu ngokupheleleyo. Uyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe ogqwesileyo ngokutshintshana okwangoku okukhokelele ekudalweni kwenkqubo yokuhambisa ipholphase njengaleyo yaziwayo namhlanje.
Emva kwexesha, uGeorge Westinghouse wathenga imoto kaTesla enelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wakhe ukuze akwazi ukuyiphuhlisa ayithengise, ukudala ukutshintshana okwangoku kwizinga elikhulu. Ezi zinto zenziweyo zibonakalise eluntwini ukuba umbane wentengiso kufuneka usekwe kutshintsho lwangoku kunokuba uhambise ngqo ngoku.
Njengoko ubona, xa kufikwa kumbane ofumene umbane, akunakuthethwa okanye kubizwe ngegama lokuba yayingumntu omnye. Njengoko bekwazile ukufumanisa, ngumsebenzi wamawaka eminyaka kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabaphandi abaninzi abavela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zolwazi. Umbane yinto ebuphucule kakhulu ubomi bomntu kwaye kufuneka sinombulelo kubo bonke aba bantu ngokwenza oku kwenzeke.