Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokukhutshwa kwecarbon dioxide zizithuthi kunye nokuhamba. Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha asefossil kwihlabathi liphela kuyehla ngokubulela kuphuhliso kunye nophando kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ezinegalelo ekunciphiseni ukuphuma kwezinto akukaphuhliswa kwaye zimbalwa kakhulu izithuthi zombane ezisendleleni.
El Imbonakalo yeZithuthi zombane kwiHlabathi liphela luphononongo oluqikelele ukuba inani lezithuthi zombane ezisasazwayo lonyuka ngesithathu kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Yintoni unobangela wolu lwando?
Izithuthi zombane
Kude kube namhla, izithuthi zombane azisebenzi kakuhle okanye zinentsebenzo eyenza ukuba abathengi baneliseke ngokupheleleyo. Abanazo iziseko eziyimfuneko zokutshaja iibhetri okanye abanako ukuhamba ixesha elide ngenxa yokuzimela kwabo okuphantsi. Uphononongo lupapashwe ngu I-Arhente yaMandla yeHlabathi (i-IEA) kwaye ityhila ukuba, nangona ngo-2016 iinqwelo-mafutha zombane kwihlabathi liphela zafikelela kwizigidi ezibini kuphela, kwi-2020 inokuba ikwi-20.
Izithuthi zombane zinobunzima obaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukungena kwaye zikhuphisane kwiimarike zamanye amazwe, nangona kunjalo, iChina izibeke kwimakethi njengenombolo yokuqala emhlabeni, uxanduva lokuthengisa iipesenti ezingama-40 zezithuthi zombane zentengiso iyonke kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2016.
Ngokumangalisayo, iUnited States ikwindawo yesibini kwintengiso yezithuthi zombane kunye ne-European Union kwindawo yesithathu. Kuphela phakathi kwezi ntengiso zintathu ziphambili ziye zaqokelela ngaphezulu kwe-90% yazo zonke iintengiso kwihlabathi liphela. I-IEA ikwaqaqambisile kwingxelo ukukhula okukhawulezayo okujongwa ziimarike ezithile. Umzekelo, iNorway iphumelele ukuba i-29% yazo zonke izithuthi ezithengisayo zombane.
Lilonke emhlabeni bathengiswa ngo-2016 malunga ne-750.000 yezithuthi zombane. Ukongeza kumbane-wamavili amane, i-China ikwanazo izithuthuthu zombane kunye nezithuthuthu ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu amabini, isenza ilizwe elikhulu laseAsia libe lilizwe lokuqala elizweni kwizithuthi ezihamba ngombane.
Uqikelelo lwekamva
Ngokunikwa la manani, i-Arhente yezaMandla yeHlabathi iqikelela phakathi kwezigidi ezisithoba ukuya kumashumi amabini ezimoto zombane Banokubetha iindlela kwaye babe sendleleni ngo-2020. Ukwanazo neengqikelelo zonyaka ka-2025 apho aqikelela khona ukuba zingabakho phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-40 nezingama-70 izithuthi zombane.
La manani angabonakala ngathi ayakhuthaza kwaye ayahamba, kodwa kufuneka kuthiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inani lezithuthi zombane ezisasazwayo kwihlabathi liphela alinanto i-0,2% yazo zonke izithuthi. Kungenxa yoko le nto sinokuthi isithuthi sombane sinendlela ende ekufuneka sihambe ukuze sibe ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokunciphisa igesi yendlu eluhlaza. Ingxelo ikwathelekelela ukuba, ukuba sifuna ukuthintela ukonyuka kwesidanga esi-2 kubushushu bomndilili wehlabathi (oya kuthi usikhokelele kwiimeko ezingalungisekiyo), kuya kuba yimfuneko malunga nezigidi ezingama-600 zezithuthi zombane ngowama-2040. Ukufezekisa lo msebenzi, imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso eyomeleleyo kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo ziyafuneka.
Izixeko kunye nendima yazo
Iidolophu badlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane. Into yokuqala kukuba urhulumente angakhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwezithuthi zezi mpawu ukunciphisa iingxaki zongcoliseko lomoya. Unokubakhuthaza abantu ngokupaka ngokulula kubo bonke abo banesithuthi sombane, ukugcwalisa simahla, njl. Kwelinye icala, zine izixeko ezikhulu zaseMntla Melika ezibhejela ukufunyanwa kwezithuthi zombane kwaye zisebenza njengomzekelo woqoqosho lwehlabathi luphela.
Okokugqibela, i-Arhente ithathela ingqalelo indima yayo yokusasaza ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukubhengeza izibonelelo zokuhamba kubalulekile kubasebenzisi bezithuthi zombane.