Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ezijongene nomhlaba namhlanje kukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Eyahlukileyo izinto ukhukuliseko lomhlaba zezo zivelisa le ngxaki kwinqanaba ngokubanzi. Yinkqubo eyenzeka ngokwendalo xa amatye nomhlaba ethe saa kumhlaba wasiwa kwenye indawo. Eyona nto iphambili edala ukufuduswa kwamanzi kunye nomoya.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into odinga ukuyazi malunga nokukhukuliseka komhlaba kunye neziphumo zoko.
Yintoni
Okokuqala kukukwazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Yinkqubo ebangela utshintsho kwinkangeleko yomhlaba ngenxa yomda womhlaba ngelitye ukuba umhlaba. Iiarhente eziphambili ezinoxanduva lazo ngumoya namanzi. Le nkqubo inokucotha kakhulu kwaye ihlale iminyaka engamawaka okanye inokukhawuleziswa ngemisebenzi yoluntu enje ngemigodi okanye ezolimo.
Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kukuthotywa kwalo ngokwenziwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezifana nomoya okanye amanzi. Yintshukumo yomntu ekhawulezisa kakhulu le nkqubo. Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba lunokubakho kwihlabathi liphela, nangona kungumhlaba owomileyo okanye owomileyo oneyona ndawo ikhukhulayo. Ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, kufuneka ukhuseleko lwezityalo olukhusela umhlaba. Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba ngomnye wabadlali abaphambili ekwakheni nasekulungiseni ukumila komhlaba. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo inokutshintsha kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo sokhukuliseko.
Inokuhlanganisa amatye okanye iziqwenga zawo, isanti okanye uthuli kwezinye iisayithi. Iiarhente eziphambili kunokuba ngumoya, amandla omxhuzulane womhlaba okanye amanzi. Umzekelo woku zizidumbu ezihanjiswa ngumlambo zinqumla ezintabeni. Izidalwa ezithiweyo zinemvelaphi yazo ezintabeni kwaye ziziqwenga zamatye, isanti nothuli. Ngexesha lokuhamba komlambo ezi zidalwa ziyahlanjwa kwaye ekugqibeleni zibekwe kwenye indawo. Oku kufakwa kweziseko kuguqula imbonakalo yomhlaba uphela.
Izinto ezikhukulisa umhlaba
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto zibangela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhukuliseka komhlaba. Izizathu zinokuba ninzi kwaye zahluke. Ezinye zezizathu zinokuba zezendalo ezinje ngokusebenza komoya okanye amanzi, imbalela, njl. Kwelinye icala, sinezinto ezenziwa ngumntu ezikhawulezisa le nkqubo ngesantya esikhulu. Eminye yemisebenzi yabantu ebangela ukwanda kwentshukumo yokukhukuliseka komhlaba yimigodi, ezolimo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuhlala kwabantu ezidolophini, njl.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu eziphambili:
- Ukhukuliseko lwamanzi: Luhlobo lokhukhuliseko olubangelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi ngeendlela ezininzi. Xa imvula inethayo iqhekeza umhlaba ube ngamaqhekeza amancinci kwaye bayatshayelwa kwithambeka. Oko kukuthi, sisenzo somxhuzulane, esihamba kunye namanzi, esinoxanduva lokuhambisa iziqwenga zomhlaba kunye nokuzijikeleza. Ukuhamba kwemilambo, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumphezulu wokubaleka kwamanzi, nayo iyakwazi ukuguqula imeko. I-Creep kunye ne-bump okanye amaza emhlabeni yinto ekhukhulayo.
- Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba: Luhlobo lokhukhuliseko olubangelwa ngumoya ophatha umgubo, uthuli olusuka kwenye indawo luye kwenye. Ukubethwa ngumoya okuqhubekayo elityeni kuyayikhupha ngaphandle komngundo ukumila. Kwiplanethi kukho iifom ezizodwa kakhulu zamatye ngenxa yesenzo somoya kuloo ndawo.
- Ukhukuliseko lwekhemikhali: ikwaziwa ngokuba yimozulu yemozulu. Imalunga nokubola kunye notshintsho olwenzeka kulwalwa lwamatye ngenxa yotshintsho lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemichiza. Olu tshintsho ikakhulu sisixa seoksijini, amanzi okanye icarbon dioxide ethatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni nasekuguqulweni kwelitye.
- Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba ngamaqondo obushushu: ikwaziwa njengemozulu yasemzimbeni. Iinkqubo ezihlala ixesha elide ezinje ngokubanda, ubushushu okanye ukukhanya kwelanga ematyeni nasemhlabeni kunokubangela utshintsho kubume belitye. Umzekelo, i-thermoclasty kukwaphuka kwamatye ngenxa yotshintsho kubushushu obenzeka kwingingqi. Le thermoclasty ihlala ibonwa entlango. Siyazi ukuba ubushushu basemini entlango buphezulu kakhulu kunobushushu basebusuku. Olu tshintsho kubushushu lubangela ukuba amatye aqhekeze kumawaka eminyaka.
- Ukhukuliseko lomxhuzulane: luhlobo lokhukhuliseko olwenzeka ngenxa yesenzo somxhuzulane. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba kungenxa yamatye kunye namatye awela ezantsi. La matye ahlala kweyona ndawo isezantsi kumathambeka kwaye umhlaba ulungiswa ngokurhuqa.
Iziphumo zokukhukuliseka komhlaba
Nje ukuba sibonile ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zokhukuliseko komhlaba ezixhaphakileyo ngokwendalo, siza kubona ukuba zeziphi na iimveliso zezenzo zabantu kwaye zeziphi iziphumo zazo. Umntu unemisebenzi yezoqoqosho eyonakalisa umhlaba. Phakathi kwale misebenzi sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Kukugawulwa kwemithi kwindawo enkulu ngenqanaba elingaphezulu kokukwazi ukuyivuselela. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kubangela iziphumo ezibi zokukhukuliseka komhlaba emhlabeni jikelele. Izinto ezikhukulisa umhlaba zibangela ukuncipha kokuchuma kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokwenziwa ngalo mhlaba sele uxeliwe. Masingakulibali ukuba kukho imixokelelwane yokutya izinto ezingundoqo wayo ezixhomekeke kwimveliso yomhlaba.
- Ezolimo nzulu: ngumsebenzi womntu ukuvelisa izityalo ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukwenza oku, i-pesticides, i-herbicides, i-nitrogen fertilizer kunye ne-fungicides zisetyenziselwa ukungcolisa umhlaba. Ukulinywa okungaphezulu kwezi ndawo kukwabangela ukhukuliseko olonakalisayo.
- Amadlelo emadlelweni kujoliswe ekondleni imfuyo. Ukuba iinkomo ziyadla kwindawo ekhawulezayo kunokuba zinokuphinda zikhule, umhlaba uya kulahla ukhuseleko.
- Ukunkcenkceshela okungafunekiyo: Unkcenkceshelo olungelolwenyani lonakalisa umhlaba ngamanzi.
Phakathi kweziphumo ezibangelwe kukhukuliseka komhlaba zezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukungalingani kwendalo.
- Ukuphulukana neentlobo ezikhoyo kunye nokukhula kweentlobo ezinamathuba.
- Ukuphulukana nokuchuma komhlaba kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ngamafama.
- Ukunciphisa iintyatyambo kunye nokunyamalala kweentlobo.
- Ukufuma okuncinci kuncediswe zizityalo.
- Umngcipheko omkhulu wokuwa kwamatye.
- Ukuphulukana nesivuno somhlaba kunye nokunyusa indleko zezityalo.
- Ukupheliswa kwabantu basemaphandleni kunye nokufudukela kwiindawo ezisezidolophini.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda banzi malunga nokhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye neziphumo zalo.