Ukujongana nengxaki enkulu emhlabeni esinayo ngongcoliseko lweplastiki, i izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane. Zizinto ezibola ngokubonga kungenelelo lwezinto eziphilayo ezinje ngomngundo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kwindalo. Ndiyabulela koku, abahlali emhlabeni okanye nakweyiphi na indlela kwaye abayingcolisi. Inkqubo yokubola iqala ngeebhaktheriya ezikhupha ii-enzyme kwaye zithande ukuguqulwa kwemveliso yokuqala ibe yinto elula. Okokugqibela, yonke imicroparticles yomhlaba iyacolwa.
Ngesi sizathu, kuba izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zibaluleke kakhulu, siza kulinikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngayo.
Zeziphi izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane
Izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zithathwa njengezinto ezibolayo ngenxa yokungenelela komngundo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kwindalo. Xa into ihlaselwa yintsholongwane, inkqubo yokubola iqala, ekhupha ii-enzymes ukunceda ukuguqula imveliso yokuqala ibe zizinto ezilula. Inqanaba lokugqibela liquka ukufunxa amasuntswana emhlabeni.
Kwelinye icala, izinto ezingaboliyo zihlala emhlabeni kwaye zitshabalalise indalo esingqongileyo. Uninzi lwezinto zokwenziwa zale mihla azinazo iintsholongwane ezinokubenza lula, zihlala zihleli ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngaloo ndlela zingcolisa indalo.
Ngethamsanqa, inkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi ikwasincedile nakweli candelo, sidala izinto ezinokulondolozeka kwindalo kunye nezinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ezinokuthi zithathe indawo yazo esele iphelelwe lixesha kwaye iyingozi. Ukunqanda ingqokelela yeekhompawundi ezingekho kwibhodlela kwindaloIzisombululo ezibini ziyafundwa ngoku: kusetyenziswa iingcambu okanye iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezinokuthi zihlasele iimveliso ezithathwa njengezingenakonakala, okanye ukuphuhlisa izinto ezinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ngesiqhelo.
Ngale ndlela, ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezenzeka yonke imihla kwiplanethi yethu, kwaye abantu abaninzi abangazi, zinokuphela kube kanye, okanye zinciphise kakhulu ukupakishwa, amaphepha, izinto, njl. Awudingi ukulinda iminyaka eliqela de inyamalale ngokupheleleyo ngokwasemzimbeni.
Iindidi zezinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane
Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo nezaziwayo kwizinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane:
Iiplastiki ezivela kwisitashi kunye nerye
Iiplastikhi ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ezenziwe ngombona okanye ngesitatshi sengqolowa ngoku ziveliswa kwinqanaba lezamashishini, umzekelo ukwenza iingxowa zenkunkuma. Ukonakaliswa kweziplastikhi kungathatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-24, phantsi komhlaba okanye emanzini, kuxhomekeke kwisantya apho isitashi sifakwa khona.
Kwangokunjalo, iiplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ezenziwa ngerayi okanye ngemicu ecinezelweyo zinokuthatha indawo yeplastikhi esekwe kwipetroleum. Enye yazo isekelwe kwisitatshi se-rye kwaye iza ngohlobo lwezinto eziyimbumba ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izitya. Ngotshintsho ukwakheka kunye nenkqubo yeplastikhi, iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha ezinje ngokuxinana, imodyuli yelastiki, ukuqina, ukujikajika kunokufumanekanjl. Iipropati zezi zinto zifana kakhulu neepolymer eziqhelekileyo ezivela kwimvelaphi ye-petrochemical.
Iiplastikhi zendalo ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane
Kweli qela, kukho ezinye iintlobo zeepolym zokwenziwa ezinokuthotywa ngokwendalo okanye ngokongeza izinto ezinokukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwazo. Ezi plastikhi zibandakanya iiplastiki ze-oksijini-ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane kunye ne-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Iiplastiki ze-oxidative ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zenziwe ngeplastiki, apho izongezo zeekhemikhali ezikhuthaza i-oxidation zongezwa kulwakhiwo ukuqala okanye ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuthotywa kwe-oxidative ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane. I-PCL yipolyester enesixhobo esitshabalalisayo esinokuboliswa yintsholongwane esetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango.
Iipholima zendalo ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-biopolymers, ziveliswa kwizixhobo ezinokuhlaziywa. Ezinye zeemveliso esele sizikhankanyile zibandakanya iipolysaccharides eziveliswe zizityalo (isitatshi sengqolowa, icassava, njl.njl.), ipholiyesta eveliswa ziintsholongwane (ubukhulu becala iintsholongwane), irabha yendalo, njl.
Iphepha kunye neendwangu zendalo
Sisebenzisa iphepha ngendlela ethile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, enokuthi ibe yinto ebolayo. Kusenokwenzeka iitawuli zamaphepha, i-napkins, iincwadana, amaphephandaba, iileta zeposi, iibhegi zephepha, iirisithi, amatikiti okupaka, iipleyiti zephepha kunye neekomityi, iifom kunye nokusetyenziswa, okanye amanqaku aluncedo. Kuba sonke singqongwe liphepha, kutheni ungalisebenzisi kwakhona?
Ungatshintshela kwimpahla eyenziwe ngeekhemikhali ezithandwayo kunye nomqhaphu, ijute, ilinen, uboya, okanye amalaphu esilika. Ukongeza kwisilika, amalaphu endalo atshiphu, kukhululekile ukunxiba, kwaye kuyaphefumla. Ngokungafaniyo namalaphu okwenziwa, amalaphu endalo ayabola kwaye awadingi ukuba enze inkqubo yokwenziwa. Izibonelelo ezininzi zezi mveliso kukuba ziqhekeka ngokulula kwaye azivelisi izinto eziyityhefu. Kwelinye icala, inayiloni, ipholiyesta, i-lycra, njl. Zenziwe ngokuqhubekeka okwenziweyo kwaye ziindwangu ezingenakubumba.
Izibonelelo zezinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane
Zininzi izibonelelo zokusebenzisa izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Ayivelisi inkunkuma: Zizinto zendalo ngokupheleleyo ezinokuthi zigqitywe ngamagciwane ngaphandle kobunzima, yiyo loo nto ndizisebenzisa ekusebenzeni kumjikelo wobomi bam. Ke ngoko ayivelisi inkunkuma kuba ayihlali emgodini wokulahla inkunkuma ixesha elide.
- Ayivelisi ingqokelela yokugcwaliswa komhlaba: Zisisombululo esikhulu kwiingxaki zesithuba ezikhoyo kwindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo.
- Kulula ukuzenza nokuziqhatha: Unokwenza phantse nantoni na ngezinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ngaphandle kokunciphisa umgangatho.
- Azinazo iityhefu: ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane akuvumeli ukuxhomekeka ekusetyenzisweni kwezinye izinto ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kunye nongcoliseko olubi ngakumbi.
- Kulula ukuphinda zisetyenziswe: zinokuphinda zisebenze kwaye azidingi iinkqubo ezinzima zonyango lwabo.
- Zihamba kakuhle: Yimarike ekhulayo kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi iyaziwa ngayo.
- Abangcolisi: Ukuba sithetha ngenkunkuma yabo, izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zinempembelelo encinci kubume bembonakalo nakwindalo.
- Kukwenza uxhase ngakumbiYindlela entle yokusebenza phambi kwendalo kunye nobomi kuba sinegalelo ekunyamekeleni indalo kwaye sinceda ukudala uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane kunye neempawu zazo.