Izindlu ezenziwe ngomthi, indlela yokuzikhetha, izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga

Icandelo lezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi likhule ngokukuko kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kwaye amaxabiso ayo okhuphiswano kunye nexesha elifutshane lokwakha lenza uninzi lwethu lube nomdla kolu hlobo lwezindlu.

Ukuchaneka ngakumbi izindlu zamaplanga zijikeleze ama-25-30% ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuba indlu ekhonkrithi kwaye ngokwakhiwa akufuneki ithathe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-5 okanye ezi-6.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu le nto abantu abaninzi beqala ukubakhethela indawo yokuhlala yesibini kwaye kamva njengekhaya lonyaka wonke.

Ukuba ufuna indlu eyenziwe ngomthi Akufuneki ujonge ixabiso kuphela kwaye uyenze ibe ntle kangangoko, unanamhla Zininzi iintlobo kunye neenkalo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuba nendlu "phantse igqibelele" kwaye nditsho phantse ndigqibelele kuba akukho nto igqibeleleyo kobu bomi.

Ngokufanayo, Ungathenga ukuthengwa ngeendlela ezi-3:

1. Ukuthenga kuphela izixhobo (izixhobo) kwaye uzidibanise ngokwakho.
2. Ukuthenga ikhithi ehlanganisiweyo
3. Ukuthenga i-turnkey yendlu, kugqityiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Kwelinye icala, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyazi kukuba ubuncinci kwi España ukwakha indlu yamaplanga Uya kuyidinga imvume yokwakha kwiBhunga lesiXeko nakwiprojekthi yoyilo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izindlu ziyakhiwa zithobele i-CTE, eyaziwa njengeKhowudi yoKwakha yobuGcisa.

Iindidi zezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi.

Kukho zintathu iintlobo zokwakhiwa kwendlu yamaplanga, nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga.

Yeengodo.

Okokuqala kuzo zonke zizigodo.

Olu hlobo lwendlu yakhiwe okanye ifakwe ngqo kwisiza usebenzisa izingodo ngaloo ndlela uyinika olo phawu.

Olu hlobo lwendlu lunenzuzo ye ubukhulu beenkuni, Ngale nto ndiyathetha ukuba enkosi kubukhulu bemithi esinayo ubushushu obugqwesileyo kunye nokulawula ukufuma ngaphakathi kwendlu enomgangatho ebusika kwaye upholile ehlotyeni, ekugqibeleni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Ingxaki okanye ukungalunganga kolu hlobo ngu ukungafezeki komanyano phakathi komnye umboko kunye nomnye, nangona isonjululwa kusetyenziswa iigodo ezikwere ezilunge ngcono kunalezo zijikelezileyo.

Yalukwa kancinci.

Ziyasetyenziswa iipaneli ezimiselweyo kunye neenxalenye eyenza lula indibano, kunye nenani elikhulu lezinto ezincinci ezincedayo ukumodareyitha, ukubekwa kwangaphambili kunye nokutshintshana.

Heavy ephothiweyo.

Ekuboneni kokuqala, umahluko phakathi kwesakhelo sokukhanya kunye nobunzima bubungakanani beeplanga okanye iziqwenga zomthi osetyenzisiweyo, kodwa oku akunjalo.

En los I-webbing enzima iyakuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi kunye namalungu asezinzwaneni kwaye iindibano okanye imibutho yabasebenzi ethatha ithuba lokuqina kwesakhiwo isetyenziswa ngakumbi.

Kwakhona, ivumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinemigangatho emininzi, into enesakhelo sokukhanya inokulahla uzinzo ukusuka kubude obu-3.

Iifowuni eziphathwayo.

Bangaba bobabini iinkuni njengakwezinye iintlobo zokwaleka.

Zizindlu Sele ihlanganisiwe kumzi-mveliso kwaye ihanjiswa ngamaqhekeza aliqela okanye kwinto enye, Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokugqibela bendlu, ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela.

Olu hlobo lwendlu eyenziwe ngomthi luhlala luqhelekile kumbindi nakumantla eYurophu.

E-Spain, njengoko ingekabikho ukhetho oluqhelekileyo, abakhi bazimisele ukubakhuthaza bade bayifumane.

Ngapha koko, kukho Umbutho wabavelisi kunye nabakhi bezindlu zomthi ngeenjongo eziphambili, kwelinye icala, leyo ye thethana neinshurensi ukunqanda izohlwayo kwelinye icala, nikezela ngolwazi ngezibonelelo zolu hlobo lwezindlu ngokubanzi, nokuba ngabemi, abakhi bezakhiwo okanye abakhi ngokwabo.

Ivelaphi iinkuni?

Njengoko kusengqiqweni ukucinga, iinkuni yimveliso ethengiswa kwaye injalo inamabakala aliqela okanye umgangatho, isuka kwezona zifanelekileyo ziye kwezona zamkelekileyo.

Zonke zizindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga nje ikhithi

• Umgangatho ophezulu-Yenziwe eFinland, eUnited States, eCanada, eDenmark, eNorway naseSweden.
• Umgangatho ophakathi: zenziwe eLatvia, eFrance, ePoland naseSpain.
• Umgangatho oqhelekileyo: zenziwe eChile, eBrazil, eLithuania, e-Estonia naseRomania.

Ukuze ube olu luhlu yeempawu ezahlukeneyo zithathwa bala ezinye iiparameter njengoko zinjalo:

1. Isiqinisekiso ukuba iinkuni zomile. Ukuthintela ukukhubazeka, ukubola phakathi kwezinye iingxaki.
2. Ukubalwa kwemithwalo. Ibhekisa kwimithwalo enokumelana neendonga nophahla.
3. Itekhnoloji Elona xabiso lixabiso linombolo yolawulo kwisiqwenga ngasinye seKit.
4. Imilinganiselo kunye nobukhulu bamashiti eenkuni. Ubukhulu obukhulu be-90mm kunye negumbi lokuzimela elongezelelekileyo le-50mm kunye nelining yangaphakathi.
5. Anti-ukufuma kunye nonyango olukhuselayo. Insectides kunye nefungicides.
6. Izatifikethi Inxulumene noLawulo lweHlathi oluChaphazelekayo (FSC kunye ne-PEFC) kunye nesatifikethi se-CE.
7. Umgangatho wezinto zokwakha. Owona mthi uxabisekileyo uvela kwiintaba eziphakamileyo kunye nemithi ekhula kancinci.

Uxolo ukuyithetha España ukuba ufuna indlu eyenziwe ngomthi kufuneka ibenjalo umgangatho / uluhlu oluqhelekileyo okoko iinkuni ivela kwimipayini yeRomania Carpathians Nditsho nokusilela kumbutho, ukubonelelwa ngeeKhithi kunye namaxesha onikezelo.

Ukuba umthi ovela eSpain uphakathi kuluhlu, kutheni uodola iinkuni ezivela eRomania ezikumgangatho osemgangathweni?

Ngokuqinisekileyo uzibuzile lo mbuzo kwaye isizathu kulula ukusibona, nangona mna ndingathandi.

Kungenxa yokuba Uninzi lwabasasazi eSpain basebenza ngalo mthi kuba banexabiso elikhuphisanayo.

Ungayikhetha njani indlu yelog "egqibeleleyo"

Sele ndivakalisile ukuba asinakukhetha okanye sibenendlu egqibeleleyo kodwa singasondela kuloo meko.

Ezona zilungileyo kunye nezona zisetyenzisiweyo zezo ilayithi elula ezinokwaziwa njengezindlu zaseMelika, izindlu zaseCanada okanye isakhelo samaplanga (isakhelo somthi).

Indlu eyenziwe ngomthi yohlobo Isakhelo sokukhanya sinokuqina okungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-75Ngamanye amagama, inkulu kunezindlu zomthi oqinileyo kwaye ingaphezulu kwezitena okanye izakhiwo zekhonkrithi.

Ukongeza, ezi zindlu bafezekisa ulungelelwaniso olukhulu phakathi kobushushu, umphunga kunye nokuphefumla kweendonga.

Oko kuthetha ukuphuculwa kweemeko zokuhlala ngaphakathi ekhaya.

Izinto ezisisiseko.

Izinto ezisisiseko ezakha indlu yesakhelo sokukhanya zezi: uphahla, lenziwe (ukwahlula phakathi kwemigangatho), iindonga zangaphakathi kunye neendonga zangaphandle.

Udonga olungaphandle ine:

• Imiqadi Isiseko 45x145mm
• Izinto zokuhombisa (iqonga leplanga umzekelo)
• Umtya 25x45mm
• Inwebu engangenwa
• I-Chipboard okanye i-OSB
• Zokuvala 150mm
• Inwebu yekhawuntara yomphunga
• 12,5mm iplastibhodi

Udonga lwangaphakathi no:

• 12,5mm iplastibhodi
• Zokuvala 100-150mm
• Inwebu yekhawuntara yomphunga
• OSB okanye iplasterboard 12,5mm
• Imiqadi Isiseko 45x145mm

Ukwahlula phakathi kwemigangatho okanye yenziwe kufuneka:

• Umgangatho wePallet
• Inwebu engangenwa
• Zokuvala 150mm
• Inwebu yekhawuntara yomphunga
• OSB okanye iplasterboard 12,5mm
• Imiqadi Isiseko 45x145mm

Kwaye ekugqibeleni uphahla no:

• Uphahla (tégola, tile)
• Inwebu Anti-ukufuma
• Igumbi lomoya
• Umtya 30x100mm
• Zokuvala 150mm
• Inwebu yekhawuntara yomphunga
• Ulwakhiwo lwemiqadi 50x20mm
• 12mm iplastibhodi

Umgangatho wezindlu zesakhelo esilula kukuba nobume obuqinileyo nobomeleleyo kwizithuba zawo ongabeka kuyo iindonga, ezinesakhiwo kwakhona Iiplanga ezenziwe ngamaplanga (Kungenxa yoko le nto baziwa njengesakhelo samaplanga) kwaye phakathi kwabo kugqitywe ingaphakathi nengaphandle, kunye nezinye izinto.

nayo, Enye yeenzuzo lolu hlobo lwezindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga kukuba kunokwenzeka ndikunike ukugqiba esikuthandayo kakhulu ngobume bayo obufanayo, nokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle (i-facade), ngokwahluka okanye ukulingana kumacala omabini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye inzuzo yelinen elula kukuba izindlu ezakhiweyo zitshiphu, ubuncinci kwithiyori, kunezinye iintlobo zezindlu okoko banomthi omncinci okoko iindonga zivela kwi-OSB okanye ezinye izinto.

Yintoni udonga lwe-OSB okanye ukugqiba?

OSB zizifinyezo zeBhodi ye-Strand ye-Orient, eguqulelwe njenge ibhodi ye-chip ejolise kuyo kwaye luhlobo lwebhodi edibeneyo.

Eli bhodi lenza ukuvela kweebhodi zeplywood, apho endaweni yokujoyina amashiti aliqela okanye izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni, izaleko ezininzi ezenziwe ziinkuni okanye ishavings zidityanisiwe, zijolise ewe kwicala elinye.

Ukugqitywa okunokwenzeka esinokuthi sikubandakanye.

Sele ndikhankanyile ngaphambili ukuba ungakhetha ukugqiba okufanayo okanye nokuba zizininzi ngaphakathi kwindlu okanye ngaphandle kodwa uyazi ukuba ziphi?

Ewe apha uyabona Iindidi ezi-8 zokugqitywa ukukhetha eziphi:

1. Iibhodi ze-OSB, echazwe ngaphambili (ziindlela ezikhoyo ngoku)
2. Ikanaxel, le ngubo yenziwe ngeetshiphu ezixineneyo, ezibonelela ngobuhle kunye nokuqina komthi wombala ngaphandle kokungafezeki kwendalo.
3. Izitena eziveziweyo.
4. Ilitye elenziweyo, inokubekwa njengeplinth kwaye yexabiso eliphantsi.
5. Ilitye lendaloIhlala ibekwa njengeenkcukacha ezithile kuba ixabiso layo lenyukile.
6. Ulwimi Wood kunye groove, ezikhethekileyo ngaphandle.
7. Monolayer, oku kugqitywa akukho nto ingaphezulu kodaka olukhethekileyo olunembonakalo elingana nesamente. Kuyabiza kakhulu kwaye sele kukho ezinye iikopi ezinje ngomxube wesamente kunye neglu.
8. Izidumbu zendaloZenziwe ngezinto zendalo ezinje ngekalika, udongwe ...

Imiba yezomthetho yezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi eSpain.

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba izindlu ezakhiwe ngemithi okanye izindlu esele zenziwe akufuneki ukuba zihambelane neelayisensi zokucwangcisa kwaye akunjalo.

Kufuneka uyazi loo nto izindlu ezenziwe ngomthi Nje ukuba babe semhlabeni okanye "babambelele" emhlabeni, kwinxalenye yomhlaba elungele ukusetyenziswa, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo njengezindlu nomhlaba kwaye ngenxa yoko, Baphantsi komthetho oqhelekileyo wedolophu.

Banokubhaliswa kwi Ubhaliso lwepropathi nje ukuba zifakiwe.

Nangona kunjalo, izindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga okanye esele zihanjisiwe ezingagcinwanga "ziankile" emhlabeni ngokwakhiwa, oko kukuthi, zinokwahlulwa, zichithwe okanye zitshintshe indawo ezihlala kuyo. zithathwa njengepropathi ehambisekayo.

Ngesi sizathu kanye, kufuneka udibane ne-NBE, iMigaqo yoKwakha esiSiseko kwaye iyayihlonipha imimiselo yomhlaba ezifakwe kuwo.

Ke njalo kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo uhlobo lomhlaba apho ufaka khona indlu yakho, ukuba ngumhlaba ophuhlayo, umhlaba ongaphuhliswanga, wedolophu okanye we-rustic.

Izinto okanye imiMiselo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Ku izindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga, ethathelwa ingqalelo njenge izindlu nomhlaba kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo 3 Imimiselo ezisisiseko ezi: IMigangatho yoKwakha esisiseko (njengamakhaya ahambayo), i UMthetho woCwangciso lweZakhiwo (LOE) kunye Ikhowudi yokwakha yobugcisa (ECT),

IMigangatho yoKwakha esisiseko (NBE).

Babhekisa kwi ukhuselo nokhuseleko lwabantu, Ukuseka iimeko ezisezantsi zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu kunye nokukhusela Uqoqosho loluntu.

UMthetho woCwangciso lweZakhiwo (LOE).

Mhlawumbi nguMthetho woKwakha ovakala kakhulu kuwe kwaye ngu Isebenza eSpain ukusukela nge1999.

Lo mthetho usebenza imiba esisiseko kwinkqubo yokwakha ngaxeshanye umisela uxanduva lweearhente zokwakha, kunye nobuchule babo kunye nemimandla yesicelo.

Ikhowudi yokwakha yobuGcisa (CTE).

Njengoko benditshilo ekuqaleni kwenqaku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izindlu ziyahambelana ne-CTE, uyakufuna iprojekthi yoyilo kunye nemvume yokwakha evela kwiBhunga lesiXeko elifanelekileyo.

I-CTE ibhekisa iseti ephambili yemigaqo elawula ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo eSpain ukusukela ngo-2006.

Ukuseka ke iimfuno ezisisiseko kukhuseleko kunye nokuhlala kwezakhiwo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kwizindlu ezenziwe ngomthi

Okokugqibela, ukuba lixesha, masiqhubekeke sinike umdla, izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga zezindlu owakhe weva / wafunda kakhulu ngazo.

Kubonakala ngathi eSpain ifashoni yolu hlobo lwendlu iyanda kodwa asazi ukuba silindele ntoni ngokwenene.

Ngale nto ndiza kunika uthotho lweebhulashi kwi iingongoma ezintle nezingalunganga ukuba banolu hlobo lwendlu.

Izinto eziluncedo okanye amanqaku amahle.

Imithi, eyona nto iphambili yokwakha, yi yokwambathisa yendalo esinokusikhusela kwimozulu embi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umelana nokunxiba kakuhle eziveliswa liLanga, umoya okanye ukufuma ukuze ukuhlala kwayo mde kakhulu.

Ngasentla (ubushushu bendalo) ndiyongeza ukuba akukho nto ilunge ngaphezu kokuba indlu yakho ifudumale ebusika kwaye ipholile ehlotyeni, uncedo olunxulumene nesiphumo ukonga umbane.

Ukongeza, iinkuni zine ukumelana okukhulu koomatshini, engathinteli ekubeni yinto eqinileyo ekwaziyo ukukhusela.

Kukho izisombululo ezitsha kwimeko yomlilo kwaye kunjalo, ngonyango olutsha nge ilangatye nekudodobalisa izinto, ukutshisa akukhawulezi kangako ukongeza ukuba iinkuni sele zizinto ezizinzileyo ngokubhekisele emlilweni, ndiyathetha ngale nto ukuba uvutha kancinci.

Akunjalo kwimeko yesakhiwo esenziwe ngezitena, isamente kunye nekhonkrithi.

Ukushiya umbandela ngokwawo (ukhuni), kuya kuhlala kunjalo ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye inokulungiswa kuyo nayiphi na uyilo yezindlu kwaye zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokubhekisele kulwakhiwo lwayo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo, olunexabiso eliphantsi nolukhawulezayo.

Ezinzileyo kuba ulwakhiwo olucocekileyo, lisebenzisa amanzi amancinci xa ulwakhiwo lusenziwa lomile kwaye amandla amancinci esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokusika nokumisa iinkuni.

Inokuqwalaselwa njengesixhobo esinokuhlaziywa ukuba iinkuni zivela kumahlathi alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye liyakhawuleza kuba ngokuthelekisa nezindlu zezitena, ezomthi zakhiwe malunga Iinyanga ze6 ubukhulu becala kwaye ujikeleze a 20 okanye 25% zitshiphu ke zifikeleleka ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi.

Ukungancedi okanye amanqaku amabi.

Ukuthetha lonto iinkuni zizinto ezinokuhlaziywa ukuba ukulawulwa kwayo kulawulwa Likrele elintlangothi-mbini Ukusukela ukugawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ngokusemthethweni kodwa ukugawulwa kwemithi okukhulu okanye okungalawulwayo Iya kuhlala ikhona kwaye yingxaki enkulu ekukhuseleni indalo esingqongileyo kunye neziphumo ezibi ezenzekayo ngaphandle kwezi zinto ziphilayo kunye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi Izikhukula, ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ukulahleka kwendalo, ifuthe elibi kulungiso lweCarbon Dioxide (CO2), njl.

Elinye inqaku ekufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo zezi inkathalo efanelekileyo oko kuya kwenziwa ngomthi.

Ndiyithetha le nto ngoba yinto yendalo izakuhlaselwa zizinambuzane, izitshabalalisi kunye nefungi.

Kufuneka siluphephe olu hlaselo ngazo zonke iindleko ukuba sifuna ukuqhubeka endlwini yethu. Nangona namhlanje le ngxaki inayo ukulungiswa okulula njengaye phatha iinkuni ngezinto ezikhusela nezingangeni manzi.

Nangona kunjalo, into ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo yile izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuba ayifani nokuyisebenzisa iimveliso zeekhemikhali engonakalisa impilo yethu okanye imeko yeenkuni kwixesha elide iimveliso zendalo okanye ezinembeko ngezinto ezingasetyenziswanga kunye nempilo yabantu.

Njengendawo engeyiyo yokuqwalaselwa yile ayingabo bonke oomasipala abavumela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga kuba ngokwe "bona" ​​baqwalasele ukuba olu hlobo lwendlu "luyaphuka" nembonakalo yomhlaba kuyilo, imibala kunye nexesha elide njl.

nayo, ezi zindlu azixatyiswa njengoko inokuba yindlu yokwakha eqhelekileyo kuba iinkqubo zokwakha zintsha kwamanye amazwe.

Ukushiya ecaleni iingxaki ezinokuba nazo ezi ndlu, ngokobuqu ndiyayicinga lonto ukuhlala kwindlu eyenziwe ngomthi kunokuba yinto elungileyo kuba iyenye into kwizindlu eziqhelekileyo ngakumbi "i-ecology" kwaye inoxanduva lokusingqongileyo, ngaphandle kokuba nayo Umtsalane okhethekileyo onayo.