Ulwandle lweMeditera lwaziwa ngokuba zizityebi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ithathwa njengolwandle olubaluleke kakhulu ngokwembali kuyo yonke impucuko yaseNtshona kuba yayiyindawo apho kwaphuhliswa khona iinkcubeko ezininzi. Ithathwa njengolwandle lwesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, emva kweCaribbean. Zininzi izilwanyana zolwandle mediterranean ezikufaneleyo ukwazi ngeempawu zabo ezizodwa.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga nezilwanyana eziphambili zoLwandle lweMeditera, iimpawu zabo kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla.
iimpawu zolwandle
Lo mmandla waselwandle uqulethe isixa esikhulu samanzi, amele i-1% yomphezulu opheleleyo weelwandle zehlabathi. Umthamo wamanzi yi-3.735 yezigidi ze-cubic kilometers kwaye umyinge wobunzulu bamanzi yi-1430 yeemitha. Inobude obupheleleyo be-3.860 yeekhilomitha kunye nommandla opheleleyo we-2,5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha.. Wonke lo mthamo wamanzi wenza ukuhlamba kunokwenzeka kwiipeninsula ze-3 zasezantsi kweYurophu. Ezi peninsula yi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, i-Italian Peninsula kunye ne-Balkans. Ikwahlamba nosingasiqithi waseAsia obizwa ngokuba yiAnatolia.
Igama leMeditera livela kumaRoma amandulo. Ngelo xesha kwakubizwa ngokuba yi "Mare nostrum" okanye "uLwandle lwethu". Igama elithi Meditera lisuka kwiLatin medi terraneum, elithetha umbindi womhlaba. Eli gama libangelwa yimvelaphi yoluntu eyalithiya igama, kuba babewazi umhlaba ojikeleze olu lwandle kuphela. Oku kwabenza babona iMeditera njengesazulu sehlabathi. AmaGrike anike olu lwandle igama lalo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
I-Extremar iqhagamshelwe kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ngokusebenzisa iStrait yaseGibraltar. Ifumaneka phakathi komzantsi Yurophu, kumntla Afrika, nakufutshane nonxweme lwasempuma nolusentshona. Ulwandle lweAtlantiki alukuphela kwendlela yonxibelelwano ephambili, kodwa ikwaqhagamshelwe kuLwandle oluMnyama ngeBosphorus kunye neDardanelles. Elinye ikhonkco lakhe kuLwandle Olubomvu. Idityaniswe yiSuez Canal.
Izilwanyana zolwandle lweMeditera
Iindidi ezihlala kuLwandle lweMeditera zahlukene kakhulu kuba ilulwandle olutyebileyo kwizityalo nezilwanyana zaselwandle kwaye oku kubangelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukuba lulwandle olufudumeleyo nolunetyuwa oluthanda ukukhula kohlaza lwaselwandle ngaphakathi. , nangona isibakala sokuba, ngenxa yongcoliso, ulungelelwano lwendalo kulo mmandla wolwandle lusongelwa ngokunzulu.
Kukho malunga ne-17.000 yezilwanyana ezibhalisiweyo kwiMeditera, apho kuphela i-4,1% i-vertebrates okanye intlanzi, ngelixa malunga ne-25,6% i-molluscs kunye ne-crustaceans. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwezilwanyana zaseMeditera kukuba i-20% iyinto ehlala ihleli, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokufumaneka kuphela kwiMeditera.
Iintlanzi zaseMeditera zixatyiswa kakhulu kwiimarike kwaye ukuloba kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kulondolozo lwazo. iintlobo ezifana icod, imullet ebomvu, iturbot, iflounder, anchovies kunye nesardadi zisemngciphekweni, ngokohlolisiso lwakutshanje.
Nangona kunjalo, oorhulumente bamisele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukutshintshiselana ngezilwanyana zaselwandle, ezinjengokudala iindawo ezikhuselweyo, ubungakanani obuncinane bokuloba okanye ukuvalwa okwethutyana.
Iintlanzi zolwandle lweMeditera
Izilwanyana zaselwandle ezikulwandle lweMeditera zahluke kakhulu kangangokuba zigqalwa njengeyona ndawo inezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.
Iintlanzi ezihlala kolu lwandle zinokuhlelwa ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo, ngokwendlela yokutya kwazo (i-carnivorous, i-herbivorous, i-omnivorous), ngokwemilo yazo (i-spindle, ipere, icinezelwe, ifakwe emanzini, i-eel), ngokwendawo abahlala kuyo ( benthic, pelagic, benthic ), njl.
Eyona ntlanzi ixabisekileyo kwiMeditera yired mollusk, red mullet, cod, Patagonian toothfish (okanye iPatagonian toothfish), igrouper kunye nesea bream. Njengentlanzi eqhelekileyo sifumana iDiplodocus, ezizintlobo zepeciform ezenziwe ziintlobo ezininzi ze-snappers: i-king snapper, i-snapper eqhelekileyo, i-mojarra okanye i-snappers ezahlukeneyo, i-raspallón, i-pico snapper, njl.
KwiMeditera, sinokwahlula iintlanzi zibe ngamaqela amakhulu amabini, iintlanzi zaselwandle kunye nentlanzi yamatye, nganye kuzo idla ngokuba neempawu zayo. Iintlanzi zaselwandle zikholisa ukuqubha kumanzi avulekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo iintlobo ezifudukayo ezifana bluefin tuna (thunnus), intlanzi yelamuni (seriola dumerili), San Pedro rooster (Zeus Faber), llampuga, njl.
Kodwa yahluke ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwi<em>rockfish, ehlala okanye efumaneka ematyeni, emiqolombeni, okanye ematyeni olwandle. Phakathi kwabo, iParablennius, iSymphodus, iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaqela (bona eyona ntlanzi ixabisekileyo), njl.
Izilwanyana zolwandle lweMeditera ezingenamqolo
Ezi ntlobo ziphawulwa ngobungakanani bazo obungekho bukhulu kakhulu kunye nokungabikho kwamathambo, nangona uninzi lwazo zigquma imizimba yazo ngamaqokobhe okanye izixhobo. I-Cephalopods zezona ntlobo zininzi ze-invertebrate, nangona ziyi-molluscs, baneempawu kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo kwiintlanzi kuneemolluscs, kubandakanywa iskwidi, ingwane kunye nengwane, ezizizilwanyana ezizingelayo ezinobukrelekrele obuphuhlileyo.
Iiurchins zolwandle kunye ne-starfish ziyinxalenye ye-echinoderms, ezizintlobo ze-benthic (zihlala emazantsi olwandle), zihamba ngokurhubuluza ngesantya esisezantsi kwaye zineendlela zokuzikhusela ezisekelwe ekusebenziseni imizimba yazo okanye ukuphepha ezinye.
anemones zolwandle zezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle ezingenamqolo ezibambelela kwiisubstrates kwaye zisebenzisa iintente kunye nemicu yazo. ukubamba ukutya, zinokubhidaniswa ne-algae okanye izityalo zaselwandle, kodwa eneneni zizilwanyana eziphilayo ezivelisa ngolu hlobo.
Umzekelo ocacileyo wale invertebrate yi-tomato yolwandle okanye i-kiwi yehashe, i-anemone yolwandle okanye i-anemone ye-hermit. IiCrustaceans zimela ezona zilwanyana zingenamqolo kwimarike, kuquka iiprawns, iiprawns, iilobster, iilobster, njl.
Zibonakala ngomzimba wazo oethe-ethe ogqunywe liqokobhe ukuwukhusela, ukongeza, uninzi lwazo zineentsimbi okanye iintsiba zokuzondla, kunye nee-eriyali zokuziqhelanisa. Ukuhamba kwakhe ikakhulu ukuhamba emhlabeni okanye ematyeni.
Iimbungu zaselwandle, ezifana ne-spirograph, i-Bispira Volutacornis okanye i-Gusano Tubicula kunye ne-Serpula Vermicularis, zineqokobhe elikhusela umzimba wazo kwaye zibamba ukutya ngemicu enabela njengemithi yesundu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zoLwandle lweMeditera kunye neempawu zazo.