Kwihlabathi lamandla ahlaziyekayo kukho amanye aziwa ngcono njengamandla elanga kunye namandla omoya kwaye amanye angaziwa kangako njengamandla olwandle. Luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo asebenzisa amaza olwandle. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka a isikhululo samandla olwandle kulapho ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-kinetic amaza ombane ombane kwenzeka khona.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nesikhululo samandla olwandle, iimpawu zaso kunye nomsebenzi waso.
Amandla eTidal
Ulwandle lunamandla amakhulu, anokuguqulwa abe ngumbane ngobugcisa obahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwemithombo yamandla olwandle njengoko ichazwa liZiko loKwahlula-hlula amandla kunye noLondolozo (IDAE), sifumana iindidi ezahlukeneyo:
- Amandla asuka kwimisinga yolwandle: Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amandla ekinetic emisinga yolwandle ukuvelisa umbane.
- Amandla amaza okanye amaza amandla: Kukusetyenziswa kwamandla omatshini wamaza.
- I-Tidal thermal: Isekelwe ekuthatheni ithuba lomahluko wobushushu phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu kunye nomhlaba wolwandle. Olu tshintsho lwe-thermal lusetyenziselwa umbane.
- Amandla olwandle okanye amaza olwandle: Isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwamaza, ukuhla kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi olwandle, aveliswa yintshukumo yomxhuzulane yelanga nenyanga. Ke, amandla anokubakho amaza aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane ngokushukuma kweinjini yomoya, njengakwimizi-mveliso yombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.
Amandla olwandle ngomnye umthombo wamandla osekwe ekusebenzisaneni ukwehla nokuhamba kwamanzi olwandle, nto leyo edalwe lutsalo lomxhuzulane lwelanga nenyanga. Ngale ndlela, yinto eqikelelwayo yendalo esivumela ukuba sibone kwangaphambili ukuba ezi ntshukumo zamanzi ziya kukwazi ukuguqulwa zibe ngumbane.
Isikhululo samandla samanzi
Isikhululo samandla olwandle sesinye apho oomatshini abafanelekileyo bafunyanwa khona ukuguqula amandla ekinetic amaza abe ngamandla ombane. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana amandla olwandle. Siza kubona nganye kuzo kunye neyona miba yazo iphambili:
Iijenereyitha zangoku
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-TSG (i-Tidal Stream Generators), ezi generator zisebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic abe ngumbane. Le yeyona ndlela yaziwayo. Le ndlela yokufumana amandla ibandakanya iindleko eziphantsi kunye neempembelelo ezisezantsi kwi-ikholoji xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela.
Amadama olwandle
La madama athatha ithuba lamandla anokubakho emanzini akhoyo phakathi kokungalingani phakathi kwamaza aphezulu kunye namaza aphantsi. Zizithintelo ezinee turbines, zifana kakhulu namadama emveli, akhiwe ekungeneni kwibhayi okanye echibini. Iindleko ziphezulu kwaye inzuzo ayikho phezulu. Ukunqongophala kweendawo zehlabathi ezihlangabezana neemeko zokuzisingatha kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zizithintelo ezimbini ezinkulu.
Amandla omsinga wamaza
Itekhnoloji ikwinqanaba lethiyori. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-DTP (i-Dynamic Tidal Power), idibanisa ezimbini zokuqala, isebenzisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwamandla e-kinetic kunye namandla ekuhambeni kwamaza. Le ndlela iqulathe inkqubo yamadama amakhulu aphembelela izigaba ezahlukeneyo zamaza emanzini ukudibanisa iiinjini zokuvelisa amandla.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Sigxininisa ukuba la mandla ahlukile aneengenelo ezininzi:
- Ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo ongavelisi iigesi ze-greenhouse okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezivela kwezinye iintlobo zemithombo yamandla.
- Akukho mafutha ongezelelweyo asetyenziswayo.
- Ukuveliswa kombane okuqhubekayo nokuthembekileyo.
- Amaza awapheli kwaye kulula ukuwaqikelela.
- Ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla olwandle kunento engalunganga, kubandakanya:
- Oku kunokufezekiswa ngotyalo-mali olukhulu lwemali. Kuyabiza ukuyifaka.
- Inempembelelo enkulu yembonakalo kunye nembonakalo-mhlaba elunxwemeni, yenye yezona zinto zibangela ixhala ngamandla olwandle.
- Amandla e-Tidal ayilona khetho lilungileyo kuzo zonke iindawo zejografi. Ngenxa yokuba ubungakanani bamandla esinokuwafumana buxhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba kolwandle namandla amaza.
Amandla olwandle Isetyenziswe ukuvelisa umbane ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Ilizwe elingoovulindlela yiFransi, indawo yayo yokuvelisa amandla olwandle eLens isasebenza.
Amazwe ngoku anamandla okuvelisa umbane ngala: UMzantsi Korea, ulandelwa yiFrance, iCanada, iUnited Kingdom kunye neNorway. Okwangoku, amandla olwandle amele iqhezu elincinci lamandla ahlaziyekayo ewonke ehlabathi, kodwa amandla amakhulu.
Ukusebenza komzi-mveliso wamandla olwandle
Umzi-mveliso wamandla olwandle yindawo apho amandla aveliswa ngamaza olwandle aguqulwa abe ngumbane. Ukuthatha ithuba, amadama anee turbines akhiwe kwindawo esezantsi, ngokubanzi emlonyeni womlambo okanye ethekwini. Idama elidalwe kukwakhiwa kwedama lizalisa kwaye likhuphe yonke intshukumo yamanzi kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi eliwavelisayo, okuvumela ukuqaliswa kwee turbines ezivelisa umbane.
Imizi-mveliso yamandla olwandle iwaguqula njani amandla olwandle abe ngumbane? Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela imigaqo yamandla anokubakho kunye ne-kinetic yokwanda okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuncipha amaza aveliswa kukudibana komxhuzulane weLanga neNyanga. Ukunyuka kwamanzi kubizwa ngokuba yi-flow, kwaye ixesha lokuhla lifutshane kunelo langaphambili.
Umahluko wobude phakathi komphakamo wolwandle kunye nomgangatho wedama ubalulekile, ngoko ke, ngokutsho kweZiko loDiversification and Conservation of Energies (IDAE), kuluncedo kuphela kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni apho ukuphakama komsinga wokuhamba nokuhla. iyahluka ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-5 ezijoliswe ekufakweni kwezi mpawu. Ezi meko zinokuhlangatyezwa kuphela kwinani eliqingqiweyo leendawo eziseMhlabeni. Kwiifektri, umbane uguqulwa ngee-turbines okanye ii-alternators. Ngokujikeleza kwee-blades zayo kunye nokujikeleza kwamanzi ngokwawo, amandla ombane aveliswa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesikhululo samandla olwandle kunye neempawu zaso.