I-oyile yinxalenye yobomi bethu. Zombini ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nefutha yazo zonke iintlobo zezithuthi, izixhobo, njl. Kwaye kuyilwa iiplastiki. Yikhompawundi ekhoyo kwizinto ezininzi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunokuba sicinga. Nangona kunjalo, ngaba siyazi Yintoni ioli? Kule nqaku siza kuxela yonke into malunga neoyile ukusuka kwinto eyenziweyo ukuya kwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo kunye nezinto ezisebenzisayo ezinazo kuluntu lwethu.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo? Qhubeka ufunda kuba sikuxelela yonke into 🙂
Yintoni ioyile?
Yimbiwa yeoyile enemibala emnyama okanye emnyama kakhulu. Inobuninzi obusezantsi kunobo bamanzi kwaye, ke, xa intlekele efana ne-Prestige isenzeka, i-oyile ihlala ihleli emanzini. Inephunga elithile elinokutsala ngaphezulu kwesinye. Yenziwe ngumxube wehydrocarbons eneoksijini, initrogen nesalfure ngezixa ezahlukeneyo. Eli khompawundi lifumaneka kuphela kumatye akudala okomhlaba kuba ukwakheka kwawo kuhlala apho.
Yenziwe ngezinto ezingafunekiyo ezenziwe ngayo Iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezisasazwa emanzini, emhlabeni nakwezityalo. Zonke ezi zilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezafayo zazishiya ukwakheka kwazo kunye nokuthoba isidima kunika into esiyaziyo namhlanje njengeoyile. Iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo zihlaselwe sisenzo sebacteria ye-anaerobic eyisebenzise yonke ioksijini kwaye yashiya kuphela iimolekyuli zekhabhon kunye nehydrogen ezikhoyo. Esi sizathu sokuba yenziwe nje ngamahydrocarbon.
Uxinzelelo olubangelwa zizidalwa ezibekwe ngaphezulu kwezingqimba ezisezantsi zoMhlaba ukugxothwa kwawo wonke ulwelo olukhoyo kwimaleko apho kukho khona amatye entlenga. Olu lwelo yinto esiyaziyo njengeoyile. Emva kwentshukumo kunye noxinzelelo lwamatye e-sedimentary, iyakwazi ukuhamba amashumi eekhilomitha kumathambeka apho ifumana ilitye lepore apho lingena khona emingxunyeni. Eli litye apho kufakwa khona ulwelo kwaye ligcinwe kuthiwa lilitye lokugcina
Kusuka kweli litye lokugcina apho kukhutshwa yonke into ekuthiwa yi-oyile ekrwada.
I-oyile endala
Le khompawundi siyibiza ngokuba yi-oli ekrwada ngumxube weehydrocarbon kunye nezinye iintlobo ezineeathom zekhabhoni ezingama-40. Eyona hydrocarbon ilula yenziwe yimethane, eyenziwe yikhabhon kunye neeathom ezine zehydrogen. Oku krwada njengoko kutsalwa kwindawo yokugcina izinto Ayinakusebenzisa imveliso okanye ipetroli. Kuyimfuneko ukuyibeka ngenkqubo yokucoca. Olona phawu lubonakalisa ioyile ekrwada ngumxholo wamandla ayo aphezulu.
Ukucoca ngumsebenzi oqulethe ucoceko lwamaqhekeza azo zonke izinto. Siyabulela kule nkqubo, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zingafumaneka, kuxhomekeke kubushushu apho yenziwa khona. Umzekelo, ezinye zeemveliso ezifumaneka kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo yi-ethane, methane, butane, propane, enegesi; iimveliso ezingamanzi ezifana nepetroli, ioyile yeoyile kunye neparafini; nezinto eziqinileyo ezifana netela neparafini.
Zonke iimveliso mazifakwe kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kwimveliso yazo. Ke, Ioyile inokusetyenziswa okumbalwa, hayi kuphela kumzi mveliso wamandla, kodwa nakwishishini leekhemikhali.
Ukuze ungenzi nayiphi na impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwizixeko okanye kubume bendalo, iindawo zokutsala kunye neoyile zibekwe kude neendawo ezisetyenziselwa kuzo. I-oyile ekrwada ihanjiswa ngombulelo kulwakhiwo lwemibhobho ebekwe equleni apho ikhutshelwa khona kwindawo yokuhluza ekufuphi. Kukho amaxesha apho krwada kufuneka ihanjiswe ngolwandle. Ngezi zihlandlo, kusetyenziswa iitanki okanye ioyile.
Ukuhanjiswa kwezi zinto elwandle kunokubangela iintlekele ezithile ngenxa yeengozi. Khawufane ucinge ukuba inqanawa ethwele izinto ezingafunekiyo ibetha ilitye kwaye yonke ioyile iyakhululwa Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo eyibangela elwandle inkulu kakhulu. Inokuchaphazela umgangatho wamanzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuloo ndawo.
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili
Njengoko ioyile ineemveliso ezininzi kuxhomekeke kubushushu apho kusulungekiswa khona, zininzi izinto ezinokusetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kukufakelwa kwasekhaya okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Ngubani ongenayo ibhotile yebhotane ekhaya okanye okhe wasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesitovu separafini.
Olunye usetyenziso lunje ipetroli kunye negrisi. Uninzi lwe ifosili yeefuweli Zonke izithuthi emhlabeni zenziwe ngeoyile. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesithuthi kunye nenjini, enye icokisiwe okanye enye yenziwa ukuba isebenze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ioyile ikwasetyenziswa njenge izinto ezisisiseko kwimveliso ye-petrochemical. Sisiseko sazo zonke iimveliso zeplastiki emhlabeni. Iingxowa zeplastiki zenziwe nge-petroleum. Ngaphezu koko, naluphi na uhlobo lweplastiki luvela kwioyile.
Ukulungiselela ukwanelisa imfuno yentengiso, ezinye iindlela ziye zaphunyezwa ezinceda ukuguqula izakhiwo zeemveliso ezininzi ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokusulungekisa ukuze kufunyanwe ezinye iintlobo zezinto ezifunwa luluntu. Ukuguqula ezi mveliso sifumana iindlela ezinje ukuqhekeka kunye nepolymerization.
Ngokuqhekeka, imolekyuli enzima eneeathom ezininzi zekhabhoni yaphukile kwaye iimolekyuli ezilula zenziwa. Umzekelo, kwioyile yamafutha ezinye iintlobo zegesi nepetroli ziyafumaneka. Kwelinye icala, ngokusebenzisa ipolymerization, iimolekyuli ezininzi ezifumaneka kwikhompawundi elula ekuthiwa yi-monomer zinokudityaniswa zenze iimolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo nezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba ziipolymer. Sinomzekelo we-ethylene yokwenza i-polyethylene. I-Polyethylene yinto yeetetrabricks.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi uyazi ngakumbi ngeoyile kunye nakho konke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini.