Nangona sidibanisa umbono wokubamba kunye nokusebenzisa amandla elangeni kunye neepaneli zelanga, uluntu luwusebenzisile lo mthombo wamandla ukusukela kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ukukhanyisa nokufudumeza ikhaya lakho, fumana amanzi ashushu upheke. Ngokubhekisele kumoya, iimillili zangoku zezokuvela kwezinto esele zibonisiwe kwiDon Quixote Cervantes.
Inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha iguqule amandla elanga nomoya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zaba yinto ngokusebenza ngokukuko kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa kusekho indlela ende ekufuneka sihambe phambi kokuba silibale ngokusisigxina malunga ne-fuelsil fuels and use only amandla ongezelelweyo. Amakhulu amaqela abaphandi kunye neenjineli kwihlabathi liphela basebenzela ukuphucula ukusebenza kwala mandla, kwaye ezi zezinye zeembono zabo.
1. Iiperovskites
Iiseli zelanga zelanga ezisekwe kwilasoni namhlanje zinengxaki ethile: zenziwe ngezinto ezinqabileyo ifunyenwe kwindalo kwifomu emsulwa neyimfuneko yokwenza, ziqinile kwaye zinzima kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kunciphile kwaye kunzima ukukonyusa. Izinto ezintsha, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-perovskites, zicetyiswa ukusombulula olu thintelo kuba luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi kwaye zitshiphu njengoko zinokubanakho ukufezekisa ukusebenza ngokukuko.
Iiperovskites zi Udidi olubanzi lwezixhobo apho iimolekyuli ze-organic ezenziwa ikakhulu ziibhondi zekhabhon kunye nehydrogen enesinyithi, ezinje nge lead, kunye ne halogen, njenge klorine, kwikristale emile okwe-lattice. Banokufunyanwa nge lula lula, ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngaphandle kokukhutshwa, okukhokelela kwifilimu encinci kwaye elula enokulungiswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, enokuvumela ukwenziwa kweepaneli zelanga ngendlela elula, efanelekileyo nangendlela iziphumo eziguquguqukayo kwaye kulula ukuyifaka.
Nangona kunjalo, banezithintelo ezibini: eyokuqala kukuba ukubanakho ukuzidibanisa zibe imveliso enkulu akukabikho bungqina; enye, abaqhele ukuyenza yophula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kwiimeko zokwenyani.
2. I-inki ye-Photovoltaic
Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki ze-perovskites, iqela elivela e-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory lenze indlela entsha yokujongana nayo. Imalunga nokwenza 'inki ye-photovoltaic evumela ukuba babe kwiinkqubo zemveliso ezenzekelayo.
Olu phando luqale nge I-pervoskite elula kakhulu eyenziwe nge-iodine, ilothe kunye ne-methylammonium. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, lo mxube unokwenza ngokulula iikristali, kodwa kungathatha ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuqinisa kamva, okuya kuthi kulibazise kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ibize kakhulu. Ke iqela likhangele iimeko eziza kukhawulezisa ukwenziwa kwekristale, okubandakanya ukubuyisela ezinye izinto endaweni yazo, ezinje ngechlorine, kongeze oko bakubiza ngokuba yi "solvent negative," into eza kusombulula isisombululo ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ii-injini zomoya ezimbini zerotor
Ngokwenjineli u-Anupam Sharma no-Hui Hu, ovela e-Iowa Energy Centre, isiseko sejenereyitha somoya sineengxaki ezimbini eziphambili ezithintela ukusebenza kwazo kakuhle: inye, ukuba ngamaqhekeza amakhulu angqukuva angavelisi mandla kuwo, kwaye eyesibini, kukuba zibangela a Ukuphazamiseka emoyeni ekwaphungula amandla alo naliphi na igenerator ebekwe emva kwabo phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-40% kuxhomekeke kwiimeko.
Isisombululo sakho ngu yongeza i-rotor yesibini, encinci, kwiturbine nganye. Ngokokulinganisa kwabo kunye novavanyo olwenziwe kwiitonela zomoya, iincakuba ezongeziweyo zonyusa amandla aveliswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18%. Isicwangciso kukuphuhlisa i-turbine nge I-Rotor ephindwe kabini ngokufanelekileyo njengoko kunokwenzeka, ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokubeka le yesibini, kufanele ukuba inkulu kangakanani, isiseko sayo kufuneka simile kwaye kufuneka ijikeleze kwicala elinye njengeyona rotor iphambili, okanye ngokuchaseneyo.
4. Iipaneli zelanga ezidadayo
Ukusukela ngo-2011 inkampani yaseFrance i-Ciel & Terre ibisebenza ukwenza ubukhulu beepaneli zelanga ezijikelezayo. Inkqubo yayo, ebizwa ngokuba yiHydrelio Floating PV ivumela iiphaneli eziqhelekileyo zelanga zifakelwe ngaphezulu kwamanzi amaninzi Njengamachibi, amadama kunye nemijelo yamanzi yokunkcenkceshela kunye nezinto ezinje, kunye namadama okuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic. Imalunga nokudala enye indlela elula nefikelelekayo kwiipaka zelanga ezisemhlabeni, ngakumbi ukucinga ngamashishini asebenzisa iindawo ezinkulu zamanzi kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba bayeke ukubanika ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi.
Ngokwenkampani, kulula ukuba zihlanganisane kwaye zidibanise, zinokulungiswa kulungelelwaniso lombane olwahlukeneyo, zinokutsha kwaye azidingi izixhobo ezinzima okanye izixhobo. Izixhobo zokuqala zolu hlobo zakhiwe eUnited Kingdom naseJapan.