Izaqhwithi yinto abantu abaninzi abebeyoyika ukususela besebancinane. Imibane kunye neendudumo ziyamangalisa ukubona, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kungathandeki ukuva. Zininzi iindidi zemibane eyenza umonakalo omkhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ebetha kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba yintoni na imitha kunye nendlela eziveliswa ngayo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni umbane, ukuveliswa njani kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo.
yintoni umbane
Ukukhutshwa okubangelwa ngumbane kuhamba kunye nokukhutshwa kokukhanya. Oku kuphuma kokukhanya kubizwa ngokuba ngumbane kwaye kuveliswa kukudlula kombane okhupha iimolekyuli zomoya. Kamva, abantu beva isandi esibizwa ngokuba ziindudumo, esiphuma kumaza othusayo. Umbane owenziweyo uhamba emoyeni, ufudumeza ngokukhawuleza umoya kwaye wenze ingxolo yeempawu zomhlaba. Umbane ukwisimo seplasma.
Ubude obuqhelekileyo bombane bumalunga ne-1.500-500 yeemitha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ngo-2007, umbane omde kakhulu kwirekhodi wabetha i-Oklahoma ngobude beekhilomitha ezingama-321. Ngokuqhelekileyo imibane ihamba ngesantya esiphakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-440 ngomzuzwana yaye inokufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kwi-1400 leekhilomitha ngomzuzwana. Umahluko onokwenzeka ngokubhekiselele kumhlaba zizigidi zeevolthi. Ngoko ke, le mitha iyingozi kakhulu. Kukho malunga ne-16 yezigidi zeendudumo emhlabeni ngonyaka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zombane, ziveliswa ngamasuntswana amahle emhlabeni kunye neengqungquthela ezimbi emafini. Oku kungenxa yophuhliso oluthe nkqo lwamafu abizwa ngokuba ngamafu e-cumulonimbus. Xa ilifu le-cumulonimbus lifikelela kwi-tropopause (ummandla we-terminal we-troposphere), intlawulo yelifu eliqinisekileyo linoxanduva lokutsala umrhumo ongalunganga. Ukushukuma kwale ntlawulo kwiatmosfera kuko okubangela ukuba kubekho umbane. Ngokuqhelekileyo kudala umphumo wangemuva nangaphambili. Ibhekisa kumbono apho amasuntswana enyuka okomzuzwana kwaye abuye abangele ukuwa kokukhanya.
Umbane unokuvelisa isigidi seewathi zamandla ngoko nangoko, xa zithelekiswa nogqabhuko-dubulo lwenyukliya. Isebe le-meteorology elijongene nesifundo sombane kunye nayo yonke into enxulumene nayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-ceramics.
ukubunjwa kombane
Ukuba ukukhuphela kuqala njani kusengumcimbi wengxoxo. Izazinzulu azikakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni unobangela. Eyona nto iphawulekayo ngabo bathi ukuphazamiseka kwe-atmospheric kuxanduva lwemvelaphi yeentlobo zombane. Ezi ziphazamiso kwiatmosfera zibangelwa kukutshintsha komoya, ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo lomoya. Kwakhona kukho intetho yemiphumo yomoya welanga kunye nokuqokelela kweengqungquthela zelanga ezihlawulisiweyo.
Umkhenkce uthathwa njengenxalenye ephambili yophuhliso. Oku kungenxa yokuba inoxanduva lokuququzelela ukwahlulwa kweentlawulo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngaphakathi kwamafu e-cumulonimbus. Imibane inokuthi yenzeke kumafu athuthu ukusuka kugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo, okanye ngenxa yothuli oluvelisa uthuli olusuka kwimililo yobundlobongela.
Kwingcinga yokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic, sixoxa ukuba iintlawulo zombane ziqhutywa ziinkqubo abantu abangekaqiniseki ngazo. Ukwahlulwa kweentlawulo kufuna umsinga onamandla onyukayo, onoxanduva lokuthwala ukuhla kwamanzi ukuya phezulu. Ngaloo ndlela, xa amathontsi amanzi efikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, umoya opholileyo ojikelezileyo uyawukhawulezisa ukupholisa. Njengesiqhelo, la mathontsi ancitshiswe kancinci ukuya kumaqondo obushushu -10 kunye nama-20 degrees. Iikristale zomkhenkce ziyangqubana zenze umxube wamanzi nomkhenkce obizwa ngokuba sisichotho. Ungquzulwano olwenzekayo lubangela ukuba intlawulo encinci idluliselwe kwiikristale zomkhenkce kunye nentlawulo encinci embi kumatye esichotho.
Ikhoyo ngoku ityhala iikristale zomkhenkce ezikhaphukhaphu phezulu, ibangela ukuba intlawulo entle yakheke ngasemva kwelifu. Okokugqibela, ukutsalwa komxhuzulane woMhlaba kuko okubangela ukuba amatye esichotho awele kakubi, kuba amatye esichotho anzima ukuya embindini nasezantsi kwelifu. Ukwahlula kunye nokuqokelela intlawulo kuyaqhubeka de kube amandla anele ukuqalisa ukukhutshwa.
Enye ingcinga malunga nenkqubo yokwahlulahlula inamacandelo amabini. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Umkhenkce owayo kunye namanzi uyawa ziba zipolarized zombane njengoko zidlula kwindawo yombane ubunjani boMhlaba.
- Ukuwa kwamasuntswana omkhenkce kuyangqubana kwaye kuhlawuliswa ngokungeniswa ngombane.
Iindidi zemitha
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemitha eneempawu ezithile. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lombane lolona luqhelekileyo lubonwa kwaye lwaziwa ngokuba ngumbane westreak. Le yinxalenye ebonakalayo ye-ray tracing. Uninzi lwazo luvela emafini kwaye ngenxa yoko alubonakali. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zombane:
- Umbane wokuya emhlabeni: Yeyona yaziwa kakhulu kwaye eyesibini ixhaphake kakhulu. Sesona sisongelo sikhulu kubomi nakwimpahla. Yakwazi ukubetha uMhlaba kwaye ikhuphe ukukhutshwa kombane phakathi kwelifu le-cumulonimbus kunye noMhlaba.
- I-Pearl Lightning: Uhlobo lombane wefu-ukuya kumhlaba obonakala uqhekeka kwiinqununu ezimfutshane, ezikhanyayo.
- umbane odanyazayo: Olu lolunye uhlobo lombane olusuka kwilifu ukuya emhlabeni oluhlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye lubonakala ngathi ludanyazo nje. Idla ngokuqaqamba kakhulu kwaye inamasebe amakhulu kakhulu.
- imibane enefolokhwe: Ezo zibane zombane ezibonisa i-bifurcation kwindlela yazo ukusuka kwilifu ukuya emhlabeni.
- Umbane welifu eliphantsi: Kukukhutshelwa kombane phakathi komhlaba kunye nelifu, kuqalwa ngokothuka kokuqala okunyukayo. Yenye yezinto ezinqabileyo ukubonakala.
- Ilifu ukubaneka umbane: Kwenzeka phakathi kweendawo ezingadibaniyo nomhlaba. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa amafu amabini ahlukeneyo enza umahluko onokubakho.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni umbane kunye nendlela owenziwe ngayo.