Ngaphambili besithethile malunga namandla ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi eSpain, kwaye njani iimpembelelo kumxube wethu «wamandla», ungabona inqaku ngokunqakraza LAPHA.
Kule nqaku siza kuthetha malunga amadama amakhulu yelizwe, eqala kumbindi weAldeadávila, kwaye uphela nge-Entany Gento.
Izityalo zeAldeadávila zombane
Idama lase-Aldeadávila kunye namadama, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Aldeadávila ingxangxasi. Ngumsebenzi wepharaonic owakhiwe ecaleni kweDouro River, kwi-7 km ukusuka kwidolophu yase UAldeadávila de la Ribera, ebekwe kwiphondo laseSalamanca (Castilla y León) kwaye yenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwezobunjineli bokwenza umbane eSpeyin ngokwamandla afakiweyo kunye nemveliso yombane.
IAldeadávila, eqhutywa nguIberdrola, inezixhobo ezibini zombane. I-Aldeadávila I, yaqala ngo-1962 kunye ne-Aldeadávila II, yaqala ngo-1986. Eyokuqala ine-810 MW efakiweyo ngelixa eyesibini ino-433 MW, phantse i-1.243 MW. Imveliso yayo ephakathi yi-2.400 GWh ngonyaka.
Umbindi José María de Oriol, Alcántara
Kwi-Extremadura, i-Iberdrola sesinye sezona zityalo zibalulekileyo ziphehlwa ngamanzi, ekaJosé María de Oriol, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiAlcántara, enegunya lokufaka i-megawatts ezingama-916 (MW). Umthamo wayo umalunga kabini amandla ombane Ukubonelelwa yinkampani kolu luntu luzimeleyo ngamaxesha okusetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ime kwidolophu yaseCaceres iAlcántara, inamaqela amane ombane aphehlwa ngamanzi angama-229 MW ombane aqala ukusebenza phakathi konyaka we-1969 nowe-1970. elona qhekeza linzima Ufakelo yi-Rotor yomvelisi ngamnye enobunzima beetoni ezingama-600.
Owona mthombo uphakathi omkhulu ngowesibini ngobukhulu eSpain kunye nowesine eYurophu. Eli linomthamo omkhulu wama-3.162 weehektometri (Hm3) kunye nedama Iimitha ezili-130 ukuphakamaIimitha ezingama-570 zobude be-crest kunye namasango e-spillway ayi-7 anomthamo omkhulu wokukhutshwa we-12.500 m3 / s esebenza njengedreyini xa kufuneka.
IVillarino Central
Ekuhambeni komlambo iTormes sifumana ichibi kunye Idama leAlmond. Ime kwi-5 km ukusuka kwidolophu yaseSalamanca iAlmendra kunye ne-7 km ukusuka kwidolophu yaseZamora yaseCibanal, eCastilla y León. Inxalenye yenkqubo yeSaltos del Duero kunye nolwakhiwo olufakelwe eAldeadávila, Castro, Ricobayo, Saucelle naseVillalcampo.
Isityalo se-hydroelectric siyinto ekhethekileyo kwaye sichitha iidosi ezinkulu zobuchule. Kwimeko yeAlmendra-Villarino, oomatshini bomoya abakho ezinyaweni zedama, ezinokuthi ubude be-202 m; Endaweni yoko, ithatha amanzi phantse kwinqanaba elisezantsi kwaye le ihamba ngetonela elimbiwe eliweni le-7,5 m ububanzi kunye ne-15.000 m ubude ephela ngokuntywila kwi-Aldeadávila echibini, kuMlambo iDuero. Ngale nto kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukuphakama kwe-410 m, kunye nendawo yokugcina amanzi eyi-8.650 ha kuphela. Ukongeza, amaqela atshintsha i-turbine ayahlengahlengiswa kwaye anokusebenza njengempompo yeemoto.
Amandla afakiweyo ezityalo zombane yi-857 MW kwaye ine- imveliso avareji I-1.376 GWh ngonyaka.
Umbindi weCortes-La Muela.
Isityalo se-Iberdrola hydroelectric esiseCortes de Pallás (Valencia) sesona Esona sikhululo sikhulu sokumpompa kwilizwekazi laseYurophu . Ime kwi-Júcar river, kwaye ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwamaqela amane anokuphinda afakelwe emqolombeni ukuze asebenzise ithuba lokwehla kweemitha ezingama-500 phakathi kwedama laseLa Muela kunye nedama laseCortes de Pallás, isityalo sandise i-630 MW yayo yamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.750 MW kwiturbine kunye ne-1.280 MW kwimpompo.
Isityalo siyakwazi ukuvelisa i-1.625 GWh kwaye sihlangabezane nemfuno yonyaka phantse yamakhaya angama-400.000
I-Saucelle Central
Idama, isikhululo samandla kunye nedama laseSaucelle, elikwabizwa ngokuba yingxangxasi yaseSaucelle, ngumsebenzi injineli yombane eyakhiwe kwinqanaba eliphakathi lomlambo iDuero. Ime kwi-8 km ukusuka kwidolophu yaseSaulelle, kwiphondo laseSalamanca. Icandelo apho likhoyo laziwa njengeArribes del Duero, uxinzelelo olunzulu lwejografi oluseka umda phakathi kweSpain nePortugal.
Inxalenye yenkqubo yeSaltos del Duero kunye nezixhobo ezifakiweyo eAldeadávila, Almendra, Castro, Ricobayo naseVillalcampo. I-Saucelle inezityalo ezibini zombane. I-Saucelle I yakhiwa phakathi kwe-1950 kunye ne-1956, unyaka eyaqala ngawo ukusebenza, kwaye inegunya le-megawatts ezingama-251 kwaye ine 4 Oomatshini bomoya bakaFrancis. I-Saucelle II yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1989 kwaye ine-2 Francis turbines kunye nomthamo ofakiweyo we-269 MW, iyonke eyi-520 MW.
UEstany-Gento Sallente
Isityalo i-Estany-Gento Sallente uhlobo olubuyisekayo kwaye saqala ukusebenza ngo-1985. Esi sityalo sakhiwe kwinqanaba lomlambo iFlamisell njengoko sidlula kumasipala waseLa Torre de Cabdella. Inomthamo we-468 MW kwaye, phantse kuzo zonke izityalo ze-Endesa, ixhotyiswe ngoomatshini benjini aba-4 bakaFrancis. Ingxangxasi ibude beemitha ezingama-400,7.
Umzi-mveliso, ofakwe phakathi kwamachibi amabini (u-Estany Gento, kwiimitha ezingama-2.140 zobude; kunye neSalente, kwiimitha ezili-1.765), usebenza kwindawo inokubuyiselwa umva ngokupheleleyo: Ngamaxesha aphezulu (ngeyona mfuno iphezulu) uvelisa umbane ngokusebenzisa ingxangxasi ukusuka phantse kumakhulu amane eemitha zenzuzo yokuphakama. Kwiiyure zentlambo (ubuncinci bokusetyenziswa) oomatshini bomoya abafanayo bampompoza amanzi asuka echibini elisezantsi ukuya kweliphezulu, ukugcina amandla anokubakho kwixesha lemfuno ephezulu.