ESpeyin sinemithi emininzi eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, enye yezona zinto zininzi kwaye ziyaziwa ngabantu abaninzi ngumpayina. Kukho ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zepayina eSpain kwaye ngamnye kubo uneempawu ezizodwa. Umpayina luhlobo lomthi oluhlaza okwintsapho yompayina kwaye unokukhula ube ziimitha ezingama-40. Inezikhondo ezime nkqo ezineentanda kwixolo elimdaka. Njengoko le mithi ikhula, amasebe asezantsi ayanyamalala, nto leyo eyenza lo mthi ubonakale ubhityile. Amagqabi ompayina aluhlaza, 3 ukuya kwi-8 cm ngobukhulu kwaye abukhali ngokwemilo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga neentlobo eziphambili zemithi yepineyini eSpain ekhoyo kunye neempawu zabo eziphambili.
Iindidi zepayina eSpain
I-Pinus radiata
Umgangatho wayo womthi kunye nemveliso yayo ephezulu kwiinguqu ezimfutshane ngokwentelekiso inomdla omkhulu. Ukhuni lusetyenziselwa ukufumana izinto ezahlukeneyo: imiqadi, ukuchwela ngaphandle, ibhodi yamasuntswana kunye nepasta.
UPinus sylvestris
Ukufezekiswa kweeplanga, ifenitshala, i-parquet phantsi, iikholomu, njl. Ikwasetyenziselwa iinkuni kunye neetotshi. Namhlanje, amalungu alungileyo asetyenziselwa ukwenza ifanitshala ekhazimlisiweyo, imiqadi nezinye iimilo, ngoxa amalungu angaphantsi asetyenziselwa ukwenza iithayile, iidesika nezinye izinto ezingahlaliyo. Iicawa ezininzi eGanadería del Norte zakhiwe ngamaplanga epine, nokuba zezophahla, ngenxa yesibingelelo, okanye zonke izikafula ezifunekayo. Yayisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezindlu kunye namabhotwe, njengaseSan Lorenzo del Escorial.
UPinus uncinata
Iingenelo ezikhoyo ngoku zompayina omnyama kwiiPyrenees zilinganiselwe ngenxa yokuba la mahlathi aye aguqulwa kangangeenkulungwane abe ngamadlelo asezintabeni, yaye iinkuni ziqokelelwa kumanqugwala abelusi neegusha kwimimandla ephakamileyo ukuze kufudunyezwe kuze kuphekwe. Uninzi lwamahlathi ethu epine akhoyo ngoku akhoyo amathambeka, iindawo ezinamatye okanye eminye imihlaba engabalulekanga ngokwalusa.
Ingumthi omhlophe, i-heartwood ngamanye amaxesha i-salmon emdaka, ayinayo intlaka kakhulu, kulula ukuyisika, yomgangatho oguquguqukayo, phakathi ngokubanzi ngenxa yamaqhina angaphezulu.
IPinus pinea
Imbewu, amapayina, afunyanwa kwimithi yompayina kwaye asetyenziselwa ukwenza amaqebengwana namandongomane. Kodwa ayingomthombo wokutya kwabantu kuphela, kodwa nakwizilwanyana ezingenakubalwa, kuquka iintaka, iimpuku kunye neehagu zasendle. Imveliso yephayinapile iphindaphindeka kathathu ngonyaka kwaye isivuno samandongomane ompayina siyaguquguquka. Iindidi ezithile zepayina zinokuba nezivuno ezikhethekileyo eziya kuthi ga kwi-3.000 yeecones. Umgangatho womthi wayo ulungile, kodwa umxholo wayo ophezulu we-resin uwenza ungathandeki kwishishini nakwimisebenzi yezandla. I-Tannins ikhutshwe kwi-bark ukuze inyibilikise ulusu.
Isikhonkwane sephini
Eyona nto ayithandayo kukuqokelelwa kweplastiki, ukuloba kunye nokuveliswa kweenkuni. Iimveliso ezimbini eziphambili zikhutshwa kwi-resin. Inkqubo yokufumana ipine resin iye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zamandulo eziye zaphela ngokufa komthi wepine ukuya kwezona nkqubo zinobundlobongela namhlanje. Namhlanje, sisakwazi ukubona icala elinentlaka likaHugues elisikiwe lepayina, lisikwe ukuya kutsho malunga ne-15cm ubude, elalidume kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
UPinus canariensis
I-Canary pine luhlobo olunqabileyo phakathi kweentlobo zepine ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukuvuselelwa kwi-trunk kunye ne-trunk kwaye iyakwazi ukuhluma emva komlilo, kodwa oku kuye kwakhokelela ekulinyweni kwayo kwiindawo ezininzi ezisengozini yomlilo.
Inentlaka eninzi yokhuni ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwishishini okanye kwimisebenzi yezandla, kodwa Kuxatyiswa kakhulu xa kusenziwa iitotshi, ingakumbi i-heartwood, eyona ndawo imnyama esembindini.
Iimpawu zepayina eSpain
Umthi wepayina ngumthi omkhulu ohlala uluhlaza unyaka wonke, amasebe awo ayi-pyramidal xa esemancinci kwaye abe banzi kwaye abe namasebe njengoko esondela ekuvuthweni. Inomzimba otyebileyo, onamaxolo kunye nentlaka egqunywe ngeenxa zonke. Amagqabi atsolo afana neenaliti.
Isiqhamo sawo sigqunywe ngokhuni kwaye ngaphakathi kukho imbewu. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeenaliti zepine:
- eyona nto, ezi zodwa namazinyo.
- iibracts (amalungu agcina izondlo zeentyantyambo), amancinci kunamagqabi aqhelekileyo kufuphi nesebe kwaye anonxantathu ngokwemilo xa ahlulwe kwisiseko.
- amagqabi abantu abadala, ezi zihlala ziluhlaza kwaye zifana nenaliti, kwaye zifumaneka kumaqela amagqabi afikelela kumahlanu angamanxantathu.
Iziqhamo zinomgangatho wokubunjwa ziicones, ezinye zazo ezihlala zivaliwe iminyaka de kubekho into ezivuselelayo, njengomlilo, ukuvula nokuwisa imbewu emhlabeni. Le mfuno yokuzala ibizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin (ukuqhelaniswa nomlilo kwezinye iintlobo).
Propiedades
I-Pine ineepropati ezininzi, eyona nto iluncedo kuyo ngumxholo we-turpentine we-bark yayo. Nangona le nto icaphukisa ulusu, iye yasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Awona malungu asetyenziswa kakhulu epayini ngala: i-resin, i-buds, i-sage, amaqhosha kunye neenkuni.
Izibonelelo zayo zikwaxabiswa kumashishini okupheka, izithambiso kunye nemithi. Amandongomane epine kudala esetyenziselwa ukubhaka kwaye afake incasa kwiisaladi, ukuzaliswa kunye neesosi kwiindidi ezininzi zezitya, kwaye zaziwa njenge 'pesto'. Iinaliti zepine zityiwa zixutywe ne-breadcrumbs kunye negalikhi eyomileyo.
Iimpawu ze-balsamic zepine zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinye iispas, iibhafu, iziqholo kunye nezinto zokuthambisa ezenziwe ngepayina.
EYurophu, isonka semveli esenziwe ngamaxolo alo mthi sibizwa ngokuba yi "pettu". Isiko layo lisusela kwixesha apho ukutya kwakunqongophele. Iinaliti zepine kudala zisetyenziswa ekhitshini ngenxa yevumba labo elimnandi kunye nencasa engaqhelekanga.
Iinkcubeko zokutya zivuselelwa kwihlabathi jikelele xa izityalo zasendle ezidliwayo, eziye zanyamalala ngokurhweba, zidliwa. I-Pine yeyomthonyama kwaye izisa izibonelelo zendalo kwiplanethi, ivelisa iincasa ezintsha ezivusa iimvakalelo.
Ukusebenzisa iinaliti zompayina ekutyeni kwethu, kufuneka ziqale zifakwe iblitshi. Kufuneka zifakwe emanzini abilayo malunga nemizuzwana engama-20. Ngokukhawuleza emva kweli xesha, zafakwa emanzini omkhenkce. Oku kunceda ukuwacoca nokugcina umbala wabo uqaqambile.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentlobo zepineyini zaseSpain kunye neempawu zazo.