Siyazi ukuba imithi ibaluleke kakhulu kubomi beplanethi. Ngaphandle kwemithi besingakwazi ukuphila kuba bekungayi kubakho zintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kuba siyazi ukubaluleka kokungafani iintlobo zemithi ezikhoyo, kufuneka sinoxanduva ukuze indalo esingqongileyo iqhubeke nokwenza umsebenzi wayo. Ezi ntlobo zemithi zakha amahlathi amakhulu alikhusi kwinani elikhulu lezilwanyana, ekhusela umhlaba kukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye neoksijini yomoya.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezahlukileyo zeentlobo zemithi ezikhoyo kwaye yintoni ukubaluleka komnye ngamnye wazo.
Iimpawu zeentlobo zemithi
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona mpawu zininzi iintlobo zemithi ezifanayo. Olunye lweempawu eziphambili ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kwahlulwa phakathi kwemithi kwezinye iindidi zezityalo kukuba iziqu zazo ezomeleleyo okanye ezomeleleyo, ezibhityileyo nezithambileyo kunezityalo eziluhlaza, zinzima kwaye ziyatyeba.
Izihlahla ezininzi zineziqu ezinezi mpawu, kwiimeko ezininzi kunzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezihlahla ezikhulu kunye nemithi emincinci. Kule meko, ukujonga amasebe ezityalo kunokusinceda kakhulu. Ukuba ezi zinto zivela emhlabeni, singaphambi kwamatyholo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba isebe liqala ukuvela kubude obuthile ngaphezulu komhlaba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngumthi kuba isiqu sawo sinomthi.
Imithi zizityalo ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo, ubude bazo bunokusuka kwiimitha ezimbalwa ukuya ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-100 zeengxilimbela eziyinyani. Zonke ezinye iimpawu zemithi ziyabonakala kwiindawo zazo ezahlukeneyo. Zonke zabelana ngezona ndawo ziphambili zomthi, kubandakanya iingcambu, isithsaba, isiqu, amasebe kunye namagqabi.
Iingcambu zinoxanduva lokufunxa amanzi kunye nezakhamzimba. Iziqu kunye namasebe ajongene nokubonelela ngolwakhiwo nenkxaso kuwo wonke umhlaba ongasentla, kunye nokuhambisa izinto ngawo, amagqabi enza ifotosinthesisi, evelisa ngoko ke isondlo esivela elangeni nasemoyeni nakwizinto ezifunxwe ziingcambu. Kwelinye icala, i-canopy yiyo yonke indawo ephezulu yamagqabi kunye namasebe omthi kunye nedome yawo yemifuno. Yenza imibala eseleyo yomthi kwaye ibonelele ngokuphefumla okungcono.
Iinxalenye zomthi
Kunokuthiwa ingcambu ijongeka ngathi yingcambu yomthi. Nangona kunjalo, ukhula lwenkohlakalo inemisebenzi engaphezulu kokumisa nje umthi emhlabeni. Umzekelo, banoxanduva lokufunxa amanzi ayimfuneko ebomini bemithi. Iingcambu zinokuba ziimitha ezininzi ubunzulu kunye nobubanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, banokusasazeka emhlabeni.
Imithi ikwanazo neengcambu ezininzi: ubungakanani benkqubo yengcambu ihlala inkulu njengenxalenye yomthi ngaphezulu komhlaba. Oku kuyimfuneko kuba ingcambu iyanceda ukuxhasa umthi. Ukongeza ekuthinteleni ukuwa kwemithi, owona msebenzi uphambili weengcambu kukuqokelela amanzi nezakhamzimba emhlabeni kwaye uzigcine xa kungekho kuninzi kangako.
I-canopy inamagqabi namasebe phezulu emthini. Isithsaba sigquma iingcambu, siqokelela amandla elangeni (photosynthesis) kwaye ivumela umthi ukuba ususe amanzi agqithisileyo ukuwugcina upholile (ukubila, kuyafana nokubila kwezilwanyana). I-canopy iza ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nobukhulu.
Amaxolo sisakhiwo esixhasa isithsaba somthi. Ixolo linoxanduva lokukhusela incindi ejikelezayo. Ngoncedo lomboko, unokwazi iminyaka yobudala bomthi, exhomekeke kwinani lamakhonkco onyaka ngaphakathi.
Amathupha avela esiphelweni somthi, kulapho amagqabi omthi akhoyo. Amasebe kunye namagqabi enza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-canopy. Zikhona kumasebe. Amasebe amatsha, iintyatyambo, iziqhamo, okanye amagqabi angakhula kula mahlumelo.
Iindidi zemithi ngokwamagqabi ayo
Igqabi eliwile
Imithi enqabileyo yile mithi ilahlekelwa ngamagqabi ngeenyanga ezibandayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuwa. Esi sisixhobo esigcina izondlo ngokungagcini amagqabi onokonakaliswa yingqele, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ilanga linqongophele ngexesha lonyaka, Ngapha koko, ayinakuwenza ngempumelelo umsebenzi wayo wefotosinthesisi.
Ziqhelekile kwimozulu ebandayo neyomileyo ebusika, zihlala zifikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye zinobomi obude obude.
Isihlala sihlaza
Ngokungafaniyo nemithi enqabileyo, ihlala iluhlaza igcina amagqabi ayo kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka kwaye ihlaziya ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye itshintsha unyaka wonke. IConifers lelona qela lakha lahlala liluhlaza. Nangona ingengabo bodwa, bayaziwa njengeyona mithi mide neyona inde ehlala imithi, enje nge bristlecone pine ethi Unokuphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5.000 100 kunye nonxweme olubomvu oluneminyaka engaphezu kwe-XNUMX ubudala. Ngokubanzi, bayimithi enganyangekiyo kwimozulu ebandayo okanye ebundlongondlongo, njengemithi ye-alpine, kwimeko yeeconifers, ubume bokukhula okumile kokhona kuluphawu.
Iindidi zeziqhamo kunye nemithi yokuhombisa
Imithi emininzi iyachuma kwaye ivelisa iziqhamo, kodwa ziziqhamo ezityiwa ngabantu njengeziqhamo kuphela esizibiza ngokuba yimithi yeziqhamo. Kuba yinkcazo engenasayensi, sinokufumana umohluko kwezinye izinto, umzekelo, kwimeko yemithi evelisa okubizwa ngokuba ngamandongomane zithathwa njengemithi yeziqhamo ekhitshini, kwaye imveliso yeziqhamo iyazahlula kuyo.
Imithi yokuhombisa yile mithi ineempawu ezithile ezenza ukuba zibethe okanye zihle emehlweni. Ezi ziintlobo zexabiso elikhulu ezihombisa iigadi okanye iindawo eziluhlaza, kwaye ukwahluka kwazo kulungile kanye njengoko ukuthanda abantu abathanda igadi. Zikhethelwe ubungakanani kunye nemilo, umbala, okanye amandla okumelana nemozulu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemeko. Ngokucacileyo, nokuba umthi uthathwa njengesihombiso okanye ukuba awubekelwa ecaleni kulwahlulo lwangaphambili.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentlobo zemithi kunye neempawu zazo.