Iindidi zebhetri

iintlobo zebhetri kunye nokusetyenziswa

Kwimarike sinokufumana ngokwahlukileyo iintlobo zeebhetri kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo kunye nokusetyenziswa esiza kukunika. Siyazi ukuba iibhetri ayikho enye into ngaphandle kweeseli ze-voltaic ezibonelela abathengi ngesibonelelo sokuthwala amandla ombane naphina apho zinabo, nanini na iimeko zivuma.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ezikhoyo, iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

iintlobo zeebhetri

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili zeebhetri. Ngokubanzi, iibhetri zinokufunyanwa zodwa, nangona zidityanisiwe zombini ngokulandelelana kunye nokufana. Le seti yeebhetri kakuhle iyafana nebhetri. Igama elithi iseli yebhetri ihlala isetyenziswa ngokungakhethi, nangona zifana. Kuphela, uninzi lwemigca ayinakho ukuphinda igcwaliswe kwakhona ngelixa iibhetri zinako.

Izitokhwe zinokuza zingenakubalwa imibala, iimilo, kunye nobukhulu kanye njengokuba zinokwenziwa ngento enye okanye enye. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ebomini sisakhelo sangaphakathi, apho kulapho ukwenzeka kweekhemikhali ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa umbane kwenzeka. Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi zezo zinceda ukwahlula enye kwenye. Umzekelo, phakathi kweebhetri eziqhelekileyo esizisebenzisayo ziibhetri zealkali. Ukugqitywa kwe-alkaline kubhekisa kwindawo apho ukukhutshwa kunye nokuhamba kwee-elektroni kwenzeka. Olu hlobo lusisiseko, Oko kukuthi, ine-pH enkulu kune-7 kwaye ilawulwa zi-anion kunye nezinye iintlawulo ezimbi.

Ukuhlelwa kweentlobo zebhetri

Iimpawu zebhetri

Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni kwazo kunye neempawu zazo. Siza kuyazi imeko ekuhlulwe ngayo kwihlabathi liphela njengezitokhwe zokuqala kunye nezesekondari.

Iibhetri zaseprayimari

Olu hlobo zezi ezo, xa sele zigqityiwe, kufuneka zilahlwe okanye ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Kwaye kungenxa yempendulo yemichiza apho igcina lo mbane awunakujikwa. Oku kwenza ukuba ibhetri ingakwazi ukuphinda igcwalise kwakhona. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicelo apho kungenakwenzeka ukuphinda zisebenzise amandla ombane. Umzekelo, sinezixhobo zomkhosi embindini wedabi. Ziyilelwe nezixhobo ezingasebenzisi mandla amaninzi, ukuze zihlale ixesha elide. Omnye umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kweebhetri eziphambili kukulawula okukude kunye nokuhamba okuphathwayo.

Iibhetri zeAlkaline zezohlobo lweebhetri eziphambili. Ezona ziqhelekileyo zinemilo yeesilinda, nangona oko kungathethi ukuba zinokubangasekondari okanye zihlaziyeke kwakhona.

Iibhetri zesekondari

Ngokungafaniyo nee-primaries, olu hlobo lunokuphinda lwenziwe ngokutsha bakuphelelwa amandla. Kungenxa yokuba iimpendulo zemichiza ezenzeka ngaphakathi kubo zinokubuyela umva ngokupheleleyo. Umbane othile unokusetyenziselwa kubo ukuphinda ubangele uhlobo lwemveliso eguqula isiguquli kwakhona. Ngale ndlela kuyaqala ukuphendula kwamachiza.

Ezinye iibhetri eziziisekondari zaziwa njengeebhetri kwaye zihlala zincinci ngobukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, zenzelwe izixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri eziphambili kungasebenzi kwaye kube noqoqosho. Umzekelo, iibhetri zeeselfowuni ziqulathe kwaye zisekondari. Zihlala zenzelwe izixhobo ezinkulu okanye iisekethe ezinje ngeebhetri zemoto ezenziwe ngeebhetri ezininzi okanye iiseli zevoltaic.

Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba ezi ziya kubiza kakhulu kunezokuqala, kodwa ixesha elide ziphela zilungile kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Eminye imiba

Nokuba iibhetri zaseprayimari okanye eziziisekondari zihlelwa ngokobume abanazo. Isilinda, uxande okanye iqhosha okanye zikwahlelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwisixhobo esenzelwe sona. Apha sifumana iikhamera, izithuthi, iikhalityhuleyitha, njl. Enye into ombane.  Ziqala ukusuka kwi-1.2 ukuya kwi-12 volts kwaye njengobomi babo obuluncedo kunye namaxabiso ahlelwa kwimiba eyahlukeneyo.

Iindidi zebhetri

iibhetri

Masibone ukuba loluphi uluhlu lweentlobo zeebhetri ezikhoyo:

  • Iibhetri zeCarbon-zinc: Zezona zidala kwaye ngoku zijongwa phantse zingasetyenziswa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zealkali, banexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa ubomi obufutshane kunye nevolthi esezantsi. Zenziwe nge-zinc kunye nentonga yegrafite.
  • Iibhetri zealkali: Ziyafana kakhulu nezangaphambili, ngomahluko ophakathi apho kukho ii-electrode uqulethe i-OH- anions. 1Ihlala iza ngee-voltage kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nangona eyona ixhaphakileyo yi-1.5 V. Zaziwa kakhulu kwimarike yonke.
  • Iibhetri zeMercury: ngabo bahlala bebhidaniswa nebhetri yesilivere dioxide. Ziye zalatha uphawu lweempawu ezizodwa zesilivere. Ikwa-alkaline kodwa i-mercury oxide ibandakanyiwe ngaphandle kwe-manganese kunye ne-graphite dioxide. Izixhobo ezincinci ezinje ngeewotshi, izixhobo zokubala, ulawulo lwezinto zokudlala, njl njl.
  • Isilivere oxide Esona siphene sinazo ezi mabhetri kukuba xa zilahliwe zimele ingxaki enkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwaye esi sisinyithi sineempawu ezinobungozi. I-oxide yesilivere ibiza kakhulu kune-mercury kodwa ayingcolisi kangako.
  • Iibhetri zeNickel-cadmium: Olu luhlobo lweseli yesibini okanye ibhetri. Njenge-mercury, ziyingozi kwimeko-bume ngenxa yesinyithi. Ziye zaphawulwa ngokuvelisa imisinga yombane ephezulu kwaye zinokuphinda zitshajwe inani elikhulu lamaxesha. Bahlala bephinda bazaliswa malunga namaxesha angama-2000, okunika ukuhlala okuzinzileyo ngokungaqhelekanga.
  • Iibhetri ze-Nickel zentsimbi: Le yenye yezona zaziwa kakhulu kwaye igqitha eyangaphambili kumandla ombane. Ingabonakala rhoqo kwiifomati zezithambiso eziqhotyoshelwe kwibhetri. Inempawu ezifanayo neebhetri zecadmium zangaphambili kodwa yahluke ikakhulu kwi-electrode yayo engalunganga. I-cathode ayikho i-cadmium, kodwa i-alloy edibeneyo yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nentsimbi yenguqu.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.


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