Ukutshintshwa kwamafutha efosili kufakwe amandla ahlaziyekayo ngundoqo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Amandla elanga yenye yezona zinto ziyaziwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo eSpain ngenxa yeeyure ezinde zokukhanya kwelanga. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zamandla elanga eneempawu ezahlukeneyo kodwa injongo enye.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla elanga ezikhoyo, iimpawu zabo kunye neenzuzo zokusetyenziswa.
Yintoni amandla elanga
Amandla elanga ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo esinokuwuthatha elangeni enkosi kwimitha ye-electromagnetic eyikhuphayo. Yimveliso yokuguquguquka okuthe gqolo kweathom okwenzeka ngaphakathi kuyo, apho amanani amaninzi eathom adibanayo ukuze enze intshukumo enkulu yenyukliya evelisa ubushushu namandla.
Amandla elanga ngowona mthombo wethu wamandla, kwaye umoya, i-hydro, amafutha efosili kunye ne-biomass zixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kuyo. Ilanga likhupha amandla ngendlela yamaza amaza amafutshane, kwaye phambi kokuba i-30% ifike kumphezulu welizwekazi okanye iilwandlekazi, idlula kwiatmosfera, apho iyancipha yinkqubo yokusasazwa kunye nokubonakaliswa kweemolekyuli zegesi emafini. i-absorber kunye namasuntswana amisiweyo.
Phezu kwazo nje ezi nkqubo, amandla ombane elanga makhulu kangangokuba amandla afunyenwe ngeyure enye alingana nosetyenziso lwamandla ehlabathi ngonyaka omnye. Esi sisizathu sokuba ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa belanga eluhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye iya kuzisa inzuzo enkulu yehlabathi kwixesha elizayo, inceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko, ukunciphisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumandla avuselelekayo.
iintlobo zamandla elanga
Kwaye indlela yokusebenzisa amandla elanga? Ngabaqokeleli belanga okanye iipaneli ze-photovoltaic, zombini ubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga kungabotshwa kwaye kuguqulwe bubushushu okanye umbane. Le mizekelo yamandla ibandakanya amandla elanga asebenzayo kwaye ibandakanya ubugcisa bamandla elanga obufuna izixhobo zangaphandle zokubamba, ukuguqula nokusasaza amandla elanga.
Iingenelo zamandla elanga nazo zinokubanjwa ngokuyilwa kunye nokwakha iindawo ezigcina ubushushu okanye ezenza ukukhanya kwendalo okungaphezulu. Makhe sibone ukuba zisebenza njani iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla elanga
Amandla e-Photovoltaic
Amandla elanga e-Photovoltaic aguqula imisebe yelanga ibe ngumbane ngeeseli ze-photovoltaic ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic effect. Amandla e-Photovoltaic aveliswa ngeepaneli zelanga kunye neeseli ze-photovoltaic, ezihlala zibandakanya umaleko omncinci we-phosphor kunye ne-crystalline silicon, izinto ze-semiconductor ezenza i-ionize kwaye ikhulule ii-electron xa zifumana ukukhanya okuthe ngqo. Isixa see-electron ezininzi sivelisa okwangoku kunye nombane.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zofakelo lwe-photovoltaic:
- Ukufakwa kweepaneli ze-photovoltaic kubantu ngabanye: kumakhaya, amashishini, ubumelwane okanye iifama zelanga ezifaka ngaphantsi kwe-100 kW. Banokudityaniswa kwinethiwekhi okanye babodwa.
- Izityalo zePhotovoltaic: Amandla afakiweyo ezi ndawo anokufikelela kwi-1.500 kW. Zifuna indawo eninzi kwaye ziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla zabemi abakhulu nabaphakathi.
Amandla elanga ashushu
Amandla obushushu belanga asebenzisa ubushushu bemitha yelanga kwaye buguqulelwe kumandla obushushu ukufudumeza ulwelo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza okanye amanzi ashushu ngeenjongo zococeko, zokuhlala okanye zoshishino. Amandla aqokelelwa zezi nkqubo nawo anokuvelisa umbane, njengoko ubushushu bunokusetyenziselwa ukubilisa amanzi, ukukhupha umphunga nokuqhuba iiinjini zomoya.
Ufakelo lwe-thermal yelanga lubandakanya inkqubo yokubamba i-solar radiation (umqokeleli welanga okanye umqokeleli), inkqubo yokugcina amandla afunyenweyo (i-accumulator) kunye nokusabalalisa ubushushu kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa.
Kukho imizekelo emi-3 yamandla elanga ashushu:
- Ubushushu obuphantsi bamandla elanga ashushu: Iveliswa ngumqokeleli, apho inokufikelela kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma-65°C.
- Ubushushu obuphakathi bobushushu belanga: Aba baqokeleli banokuvelisa amaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-300 ° C, kodwa ngenxa yokuba bagxininise amandla ngokusebenzisa izibuko, basebenza kuphela ngokukhanya okuthe ngqo.
- Ubushushu obuphezulu bamandla elanga ashushu: Isebenzisa abaqokeleli ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 ° C kwaye ivumela ukuveliswa kwamandla obushushu belanga ngee turbines zomphunga.
amandla elanga angasebenziyo
I-Passive solar energy ngumthombo wamandla osebenzisa ubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithombo yangaphandle. Ezi zindlela zokwenziwa, ezifana nezo zicetywa luyilo lwe-bioclimatic, apho uyilo, uqhelaniso, izixhobo kunye neemeko zemozulu xa kusakhiwa indlu okanye isakhiwo.
Izindlu zelanga ze-Passive zingagcina amandla amaninzi, kodwa iteknoloji kufuneka isetyenziswe ngexesha lokwakha okanye ukulungiswa kwakhona. Yaye ayikuphela komthombo wamandla, kodwa uyaphelelisana.
Imizekelo yeentlobo zamandla elanga
Ukuba usazibuza ukuba ngawaphi amandla elanga, le mizekelo iya kukunika umbono ocacileyo wokuba olu hlobo lwamandla lunokusetyenziswa njani:
- Ezothutho: Iifotovoltaics zinokunika amandla iibhasi, oololiwe, kunye neemoto ngokuguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngumbane ukuqhuba iimotor zombane.
- Izibane zelanga: Le yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiigadi, iindlela okanye iindlela. Ezi zibane zingenantambo zifuna ukusetwa, zihlawulise emini kwaye zikhanyise ebusuku.
- Faka iiphaneli zesola: vumela ukuzisebenzisa ezindlwini, kumashishini, iihotele, izakhiwo, njl.
- Iinkqubo zokufudumeza: Amandla e-thermal angasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ulwelo kwisekethi yokufudumeza. Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zinokuvelisa umoya oshushu ebusika kunye ne-air conditioning ehlotyeni.
- Ukufudumeza idama: Ubushushu belanga bunokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amachibi angaphandle nangaphakathi.
Izinto eziluncedo zokusetyenziswa
- ISpain lilizwe elifanelekileyo lokutyala imali kumandla elanga ngenxa yobuninzi beeyure zokukhanya kwelanga.
- Amandla elanga ngumthombo wamandla angenakuphela kuba ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo esingenako ukuwugqiba.
- Amandla acocekileyo: akukho nkcitho.
- Ikuvumela ukuba uvelise umbane naphi na, oko kukuthi, iinkqubo zelanga zingafakwa kwiindawo apho inethiwekhi ingafiki khona.
- Inenzuzo: Nangona ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga kufuna ukukhutshwa kokuqala, kukubheja okuya kuhlawula ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva, kwaye kunenzuzo yezoqoqosho kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide. Ngapha koko, zininzi iindlela ezizezinye ezivumela ukuba ufakelo luhlawulwe kwangethuba. Umzekelo wale nto yi-photovoltaic ekwabelwana ngayo ngokuzisebenzisa kuluntu lwabanini, iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino.
- Ukugcinwa lula kwenkqubo yelanga. Iiphaneli zelanga zifuna kuphela inani elithile lokhathalelo lothintelo minyaka le ukuzigcina zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kubomi beminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla elanga ezikhoyo kunye neenzuzo zabo.